Makkos 17a

מכות י״ז ע״א

Makkot 17a

Learn Makkos 17a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Makkos 17a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Unseparated מעשר עני and the amount of טבל for lashes; the new משנה on eating holy foods wrongly, and רבי שמעון's derivations from the פסוק

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a ברייתא about מעשר עני of דמאי. רבי אליעזר says you only name the portion and do not need to separate it. רב יוסף suggests the dispute is about whether unseparated מעשר עני makes produce טבל. אביי rejects this, so the גמרא explains that everyone agrees it makes טבל, and the argument is only about whether עמי הארץ can be trusted to separate it. Next, two versions of ריש לקיש disagree on whether רבי שמעון's 'any amount' of טבל for lashes applies to flour too. A ברייתא supports רבי ירמיה's version, that it does. A new משנה then lists more cases that bring forty lashes, such as eating ביכורים before the reading and eating holy food outside its place. It also teaches that a לאו which comes with a 'get up and do' command does not bring lashes. The גמרא says the ביכורים ruling follows רבי עקיבא, who holds like רבי שמעון. It then brings רבי שמעון's ברייתא, which uses one קל וחומר after another to find a new lashes-rule in each word of the פסוק. The last word, נדריך for the עולה, continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (31)

1. Statementרבי אליעזר: name the portion, no need to separate it
2. ProofSuggestion: the dispute is whether unseparated מעשר עני makes produce into טבל
3. Challengeאביי: then they should have argued about the certain case
4. ResolutionNew explanation: everyone agrees it makes טבל; they argue about trusting עמי הארץ
5. Statementרב ביבי: the dispute is only about a wheat kernel, not flour
6. Statementרבי ירמיה: the dispute applies to flour too
7. ChallengeThe Ant and the Wheat Kernel Seem to Exclude Flour
8. Resolutionרבי שמעון Was Arguing on the חכמים' Own Terms
9. RejectionWhy the חכמים Reject the Kernel Comparison
10. ProofA ברייתא Supports רבי ירמיה
11. StatementNew משנה: Eating Holy Food Wrongly and Breaking a פסח Bone
12. StatementTaking the Mother Bird and the Rule of a Prohibition Fixed by Action
13. Statementרבי יוחנן: the משנה follows רבי עקיבא
14. ChallengeWhy not say it follows רבי שמעון?
15. ResolutionThe point is that רבי עקיבא agrees with רבי שמעון
16. QuestionWhat is רבי שמעון's view?
17. ResponseThe פסוק's word 'gift of your hand' means ביכורים
18. Challengeרבי שמעון: a קל וחומר already bans eating them outside the wall
19. ConclusionThe פסוק teaches lashes for eating before the קריאה
20. Statement'Your gift offerings' means תודה and שלמים
21. Challengeרבי שמעון asks why the word is needed
22. ConclusionEating תודה and שלמים before the blood is sprinkled brings lashes
23. Statement'Firstborn' means the בכור animal
24. ChallengeTwo קל וחומר arguments already cover the בכור
25. ConclusionA non-כהן eating a בכור even after זריקה gets lashes
26. Statement'Your herd and flock' means חטאת and אשם
27. ChallengeThree קל וחומר arguments already cover חטאת and אשם
28. ConclusionEating חטאת and אשם outside the courtyard brings lashes
29. StatementThe word 'your vows' means the burnt-offering
30. Challengeרבי שמעון shows every possible lesson is already known
31. ConclusionSetting up the real lesson of the word