Makkos 17b

מכות י״ז ע״ב

Makkot 17b

Learn Makkos 17b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

רבי שמעון's chain of קל וחומר on 'לא תוכל לאכול בשעריך', its refutations, רבא's praise, and whether a prohibition can come from a קל וחומר

Overview

This amud opens with the end of רבי שמעון's statement: since the other items in the פסוק 'לא תוכל לאכול בשעריך' can be learned by קל וחומר, the פסוק teaches that someone who eats an עולה after זריקה is flogged, even inside the עזרה. רבא praises רבי שמעון very highly, but admits that each of his קל וחומר arguments can be refuted. The גמרא then goes through the whole chain: בכורים, מעשר, תודה and שלמים, בכור, חטאת and אשם, and עולה. Each time it answers 'אדרבה' and shows that the supposedly lighter item is stricter in some other way. It ends by noting that every item is stricter than an עולה, because each has two eatings. So what was רבא praising? The answer is רבי שמעון's skill in rearranging the פסוק to reach his view. The גמרא next objects that a prohibition cannot be learned from a קל וחומר (אין מזהירין מן הדין), and answers that רבי שמעון derives only a general איסור. It then challenges that answer from רבא's ruling of five sets of lashes and from the משנה 'אלו הן הלוקין'. The answer to that last challenge comes on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (21)

1. StatementThe real lesson of the verse: eating a burnt-offering after sprinkling
2. Statementרבא's praise of רבי שמעון
3. Challengeרבא admits the arguments can be refuted
4. QuestionWhy first fruits seem stricter than tithe
5. ChallengeRefutation: tithe is forbidden to a mourner
6. QuestionWhy thanks- and peace-offerings seem stricter than tithe
7. ChallengeRefutation: tithe needs minted coins for redemption
8. QuestionWhy a firstborn is stricter than thanks and peace offerings
9. ChallengeThanks and peace offerings are stricter in other ways
10. QuestionWhy sin and guilt offerings are stricter than a firstborn
11. ChallengeA firstborn is stricter because it is holy from birth
12. QuestionWhy the burnt offering is stricter than sin and guilt offerings
13. ChallengeSin and guilt offerings are stricter because they atone
14. ChallengeEvery item in the list is stricter than a burnt offering
15. QuestionWhat was the praise of רבי שמעון about?
16. ResponseThe praise is for how he rearranges the verse
17. ChallengeYou can't learn a warning from a קל וחומר
18. ResolutionOnly a plain prohibition
19. Challengeרבא says he gets five sets of lashes
20. ResolutionIt means five prohibitions
21. ChallengeThe משנה lists these people among those who get lashes