Makkos 22a

מכות כ״ב ע״א

Makkot 22a

Learn Makkos 22a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Counting multiple sets of lashes for one act, and the start of the משנה on how many lashes are given

Overview

The amud opens by finishing the count of five sets of lashes for someone who cooks a גיד הנשה in milk on יום טוב and eats it. The גמרא asks why kindling counts separately from cooking. It tries replacing kindling with נבילה, then with עצי אשירה, and finally settles on cooking with wood of הקדש. A סימן then introduces six אמוראים who each suggest another prohibition that one act of plowing could break. רבי זעירא and רבי מני then debate whether an oath not to plow on יום טוב should be counted. The final reason it is left out is that this תנא does not hold of איסור כולל. רבי הושעיא and רבי יצחק teach that a פסולי המוקדשין ox counts as two bodies. A new משנה begins: lashes are forty minus one, while רבי יהודה says a full forty. It also starts the rules for estimating how many lashes a person can take, which continue on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (29)

1. ChallengeHow can there be extra lashes for kindling?
2. ResolutionReplace kindling with a carcass's sciatic nerve
3. Challengeרבי חייא's count rules out the carcass answer
4. ResolutionReplace kindling with wood of an אשירה
5. Challengeאשירה wood would bring a sixth set of lashes
6. ResolutionThe case is cooking with wood of הקדש
7. StatementMemory aid for the next section
8. Challengeרב הושעיא: count sowing in the valley of the עגלה ערופה
9. Challengeרב חנניא: count erasing God's Name while plowing
10. Challengeרבי אבהו: count cutting off a צרעת mark
11. Challengeאביי: count loosening the breastplate or removing the Ark's poles
12. ChallengeWhy not count plowing with wood of an idol-tree?
13. ChallengeWhy not count cutting down good fruit trees?
14. ChallengeWhy not count an oath not to plow on יום טוב?
15. ResolutionThe oath does not take effect: he is already sworn from סיני
16. ChallengeAn oath covering weekdays too would also take hold on יום טוב
17. ResolutionThe תנא does not count things that can be released by a חכם
18. ChallengeBut the משנה counts הקדש, which can be released
19. ResolutionThe consecrated animal is a בכור
20. ChallengeBut the משנה counts a נזיר, and נזירות can be released
21. ResolutionThe נזיר is a נזיר שמשון
22. ChallengeA נזיר שמשון may become impure from the dead
23. ResolutionThis תנא does not accept an inclusive prohibition
24. StatementBreeding a disqualified sacred ox gets two sets of lashes
25. StatementDriving a disqualified sacred ox counts as two bodies
26. StatementLashes are forty minus one
27. Statementרבי יהודה: a full forty lashes
28. StatementAssessments must divide into three
29. StatementAssessed for forty, but some were already given