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Menachos 19a

מנחות י״ט ע״א

Menachot 19a

Learn Menachos 19a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Menachos 19a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

רבי שמעון's source for a כהן pouring the oil, and רב's rule that תורה and חוקה make a step לעכב

Overview

The גמרא first looks for רבי שמעון's source for requiring a כהן to pour the oil on a מנחה. Reading 'הכהנים' in both directions fails, because אביי shows that רבי שמעון reads a פסוק only forward. So the גמרא says his source is the ו in 'וְהֵבִיאָהּ', which links back to the pouring. It then explains why that ו does not make שחיטה need a כהן: שחיטה is linked to סמיכה. A קל וחומר from זריקה and a פסוק about יום הכפורים show that the owner does not have to slaughter either. Next comes a new topic: רב's rule that the words תורה and חוקה make a step לעכב. Using the cases of נזיר, תודה, מצורע, יום הכפורים and the other קרבנות, the גמרא arrives at this reading: חוקה alone is enough, but תורה alone is not. It then tests this rule against מנחה and לחם הפנים, and begins explaining why מנחה is different from the words 'מגרשה ומשמנה'. That explanation continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

הַכֹּהֲנִים״ –

'The priests':

מִקְרָא נִדְרָשׁ לְפָנָיו וּלְאַחֲרָיו.

the verse is read as applying to what comes before it and to what comes after it.

וְסָבַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן

And does רבי שמעון hold

מִקְרָא נִדְרָשׁ לְפָנָיו וּלְאַחֲרָיו?

that a verse is read as applying to what comes before it and to what comes after it?

The steps (31)

  1. ResolutionThe word 'the priests' applies both before and after
  2. ChallengeChallenge: does רבי שמעון really read verses in both directions?
  3. Statementרבי שמעון: collecting with the left hand is valid
  4. Proofאביי: they disagree about reading in both directions
  5. ResolutionA new source for רבי שמעון: the ו links back
  6. ChallengeIf ו links back, slaughter by a זר should be invalid
  7. ResolutionSlaughter is different: it is linked to סמיכה
  8. ChallengeShould only the owner slaughter, like סמיכה?
  9. ResolutionA קל וחומר from sprinkling: no owner needed
  10. ChallengeMaybe we cannot learn from זריקה, which the owner cannot do anyway
  11. Resolutionיום הכפורים shows that שחיטה normally does not need the owner
  12. Statementרב: the words תורה and חוקה make a step indispensable
  13. StatementFirst assumption: both words are needed together
  14. StatementA memory sign for the coming questions
  15. ChallengeThe נזיר: only 'תורה' is written, yet תנופה is indispensable
  16. Resolution'כן יעשה' counts like the word חוקה
  17. ChallengeChallenge from the thanks offering
  18. ResolutionThe thanks offering is linked to the nazirite
  19. ChallengeChallenge from the leper
  20. ResolutionThe extra word 'shall be' counts as 'statute'
  21. ChallengeChallenge from the two goats of Yom Kippur
  22. ResolutionNew reading: either word is enough
  23. ChallengeChallenge from the other offerings
  24. Resolution'Law' needs 'statute', but 'statute' stands alone
  25. ChallengeBut רב said both words, 'תורה' and 'חוקה'
  26. ResolutionEven where 'תורה' is written, 'חוקה' is what decides
  27. Challengeמנחה has 'חוקה', yet רב needed repetition to make it לעכב
  28. ResolutionBy מנחה, the 'חוקה' is about eating
  29. Challengeלחם הפנים has 'חוקה' about eating, yet its parts are לעכב
  30. ChallengeSo חוקה written about eating covers the whole קרבן
  31. Resolutionמנחה is different because of 'מגרשה ומשמנה'