Menachos 57a

מנחות נ״ז ע״א

Menachot 57a

Learn Menachos 57a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Cooking meat on שבת (מאכל בן דרוסאי) and the איסור of making a מנחה חמץ

Overview

The amud opens with רבי יוחנן's ruling that someone who puts meat on coals on שבת is חייב only if he turns it over. The גמרא first uses this ruling to challenge an earlier rule about leavening a מנחה, and רבא answers that leavening counts like a full act of roasting. The גמרא then asks what case רבי יוחנן means, and answers that one side cooked only to the level of מאכל בן דרוסאי counts as nothing, while both sides at that level counts as cooking. רבא adds that a גרוגרת-sized area roasted on one side makes one חייב. There are two versions of whether that area must be in one spot or can be spread out, and the משנה about drilling a tiny hole is tested against each version. Next, a ברייתא learns from the פסוק that the איסור of making a מנחה חמץ covers the whole מנחה and every kind of מנחה, but only a fit one. רב פפא and רב מרי each ask about an edge case of this איסור, and both questions end in תיקו. Finally, the גמרא asks what the words 'אשר תקריבו' add. רבי יוסי הגלילי says they include מנחת נסכים, and רבי עקיבא says they include לחם הפנים. The גמרא then begins to challenge רבי יוסי הגלילי, since מנחת נסכים is made with oil, which counts as fruit juice. That challenge continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (26)

1. ChallengeMeat on coals: turning it over decides liability
2. Resolutionרבא: the leaven case is like the full roasting act
3. StatementReturning to רבי יוחנן's ruling itself
4. ChallengeWhat case is this? Either obvious or hard to understand
5. ResolutionOne side at the בן דרוסאי level counts as nothing
6. StatementA fig-sized roasted spot on one side makes one liable
7. ChallengeChallenge from the drilling case: small spots should join
8. ResolutionA single tiny hole is useful as a keyhole
9. StatementSecond version: even two or three spots count
10. ProofTrying to support the second version from the drilling case
11. RejectionThe proof is pushed off: one hole can be a keyhole
12. StatementA ברייתא on why the פסוק says 'מנחה'
13. StatementThe whole meal offering and all kinds of meal offerings are included
14. StatementOnly a fit meal offering is covered
15. Questionרב פפא asks about leavening again after it left the courtyard
16. QuestionFirst side: going out disqualifies it, so no liability
17. QuestionSecond side: going out changes nothing, so he is liable
18. ConclusionThe question stays open
19. QuestionLeavening a מנחה at the top of the altar
20. QuestionFirst side: it was already brought
21. QuestionSecond side: it still needs burning
22. ConclusionLeft unresolved
23. ChallengeWhy do we need 'אשר תקריבו'?
24. Resolutionרבי יוסי הגלילי: to include מנחת נסכים
25. Statementרבי עקיבא: to include לחם הפנים
26. ChallengeCan מנחת נסכים become חמץ at all?