Menachos 77b

מנחות ע״ז ע״ב

Menachot 77b

Learn Menachos 77b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The לחמי תודה: the כהן's one-in-ten share, the flour and number of loaves, and how far the comparison to תרומת מעשר goes

Overview

The משנה teaches that from each of the four kinds of loaves brought with a קרבן תודה, one whole loaf out of ten goes to the כהן as תרומה. The rest of the loaves are eaten by the owner. A ברייתא learns the amount 'one out of ten' from תרומת מעשר. It first weighs logic against a comparison to ביכורים and then settles it with the shared words 'ממנו תרומה'. The ברייתא then works out the flour: each חמץ loaf takes one עשרון, learned from שתי הלחם, and the מצה matches the חמץ with another ten עשרונות. The מצה comes in three kinds, so there are forty loaves in all, and four of them go to the כהן. The גמרא then examines lines of the ברייתא. It explains 'ממנו' as 'while still together' and shows why the source is תרומת מעשר rather than the תרומה of מדין or תרומת חלה. רבא asks whether a non-כהן who eats this תרומה is punished like one who eats real תרומה, and whether it makes a mixture forbidden; these questions end in תיקו. The amud closes by asking how the word 'תהיינה' teaches its rule, and the answer comes on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (34)

1. StatementThe משנה: one out of ten loaves goes to the כהן
2. StatementA ברייתא explains the same פסוק and adds one rule
3. QuestionHow big is the תרומה?
4. ResponseLearning 'one out of ten' from תרומת מעשר
5. ChallengeA competing comparison to ביכורים, which have no set amount
6. ResolutionThe תודה loaves are more like תרומת מעשר
7. ChallengeOr maybe they are more like ביכורים
8. ConclusionThe פסוק decides with a גזירה שוה
9. QuestionHow much flour goes into each loaf?
10. ResponseA עשרון per loaf, learned from שתי הלחם
11. ChallengeMaybe the source should be לחם הפנים instead
12. ResolutionThe תודה is more like שתי הלחם
13. ChallengeLogic could also point to לחם הפנים
14. ConclusionThe extra word 'you shall bring' settles it: one tenth per loaf
15. ChallengeMaybe all the leavened loaves together are only two tenths
16. ResolutionThe word 'תהיינה' shows each loaf is its own tenth
17. QuestionWhere do we learn ten עשרונות for the מצה?
18. ResponseThe מצה matches the חמץ: twenty עשרונות in all
19. QuestionMaybe all the מצה is one kind
20. ResponseThe פסוק lists three kinds of מצה
21. ConclusionThe final count: forty loaves, four go to the כהן
22. StatementQuoting the ברייתא: take the תרומה from loaves that are together
23. ChallengeThe same word ממנו is used for the fats of a חטאת
24. ResolutionRemove the אימורין before cutting up the meat
25. StatementQuoting the ברייתא: comparing the תרומה of the תודה to תרומת מעשר
26. ChallengeWhy not learn from the תרומה of מדין?
27. ResolutionCompare something for all generations to something for all generations
28. ChallengeWhy not learn from תרומת חלה?
29. ResolutionOnly places with 'from it' and 'a תרומה' are compared
30. QuestionIs a non-כהן who eats the תודה תרומה punished like with real תרומה?
31. QuestionThe two sides of רבא's question
32. QuestionDoes it make a mixture forbidden?
33. ConclusionThe questions stay unanswered
34. QuestionHow does the word 'They shall be' teach this?