Menachos 91a

מנחות צ״א ע״א

Menachot 91a

Learn Menachos 91a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Menachos 91a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Which offerings need נסכים: one animal for a vowed עולה, the תודה, the 'not already obligated' rule, separate נסכים for every animal, and the מצורע's offerings.

Overview

This amud continues the ברייתא about נסכים (the flour, oil and wine that come with certain offerings) and the words of the פסוקים in במדבר 15. First, the גמרא explains how רבי יונתן and רבי יאשיה each know that a person who vowed an עולה may bring just one animal, either cattle or sheep. Next, it explains why a תודה needs its own source for נסכים: we might have thought its four kinds of bread take their place. Then it shows that the word 'עולה' narrows a כלל ופרט וכלל. The result is that a קרבן needs נסכים only if the person was not already obligated to bring it, so cases like ולדות קדשים and תמורה are included, while בכור, מעשר and פסח are not. After that, the גמרא goes through each extra 'או' in the passage, and each one teaches that two offerings brought together never share one set of נסכים, in any combination. Finally, it begins the source for the משנה's rule that a מצורע's חטאת and אשם need נסכים, and raises a challenge that is answered on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (40)

1. ResolutionThe extra 'and' makes it sound like both animals are needed
2. ChallengeHow does רבי יאשיה know one animal is enough?
3. ResolutionTwo separate פסוקים show that one animal is enough
4. ResolutionWhy רבי יונתן still needs the extra פסוק: an unspecified vow
5. StatementThe ברייתא learns the תודה from the words 'or a sacrifice'
6. ChallengeIsn't a thanks offering already a sacrifice?
7. ResolutionWe might have thought the bread replaces the libations
8. ChallengeThe נזיר's ram also comes with bread and still needs libations
9. ResolutionTwo kinds of bread versus four kinds
10. ChallengeWhy does the verse need the word 'burnt offering'?
11. ResolutionWithout the word עולה, the פסוק would be read as a general-detail-general
12. ResolutionThat reading would include בכור, מעשר and פסח, so the Torah wrote עולה
13. QuestionWith עולה written, what does the general-detail-general still include?
14. ResponseThe new test: a קרבן one was not already obligated to bring
15. ConclusionWhat this includes: offspring, substitutes, and an עולה from leftover funds
16. ConclusionTwo more cases that need נסכים
17. QuestionWhy does the פסוק say 'a vow OR a gift'?
18. ResolutionEach one needs נסכים even alone
19. ChallengeThat fits רבי יאשיה, but what about רבי יונתן?
20. ResolutionFor רבי יונתן: both together need two sets of נסכים
21. QuestionWhy does the פסוק say 'or on your festivals'?
22. ResolutionA possible mistake: maybe the rule is only for very different offerings
23. ResolutionCompleting the answer: same kind of promise still needs separate נסכים
24. QuestionWhy the או in 'עולה או זבח'?
25. ResolutionThe wrong idea: maybe only different types need separate נסכים
26. ResolutionSame type, different promise: each still needs נסכים
27. QuestionWhy the או in 'לפלא נדר או שלמים'?
28. ResolutionThe wrong idea: maybe the rule needs a difference in type or promise
29. ResolutionEven two offerings that are exactly alike need separate libations
30. QuestionWhat does רבי יאשיה learn from the או in 'of the herd or of the flock'
31. ResolutionEven two animals of the same kind need separate libations
32. QuestionWhy does the פסוק need 'so you shall do for each one'
33. ResolutionEven offerings set aside at the same moment need separate libations
34. QuestionWhere do we learn that the מצורע's חטאת and אשם need נסכים?
35. ResponseThe three tenths of flour are a מנחה that comes with animal offerings
36. QuestionMaybe it is a מנחה that comes by itself?
37. ResponseThe פסוק puts the מנחה together with the עולה
38. QuestionBut is wine also needed?
39. Responseעולה, זבח and או לזבח cover all three of the מצורע's offerings
40. ChallengeWhy not learn both the חטאת and the אשם from 'זבח'?