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Menachos 90b

מנחות צ׳ ע״ב

Menachot 90b

Learn Menachos 90b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Menachos 90b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Two explanations of מותר נסכים, and which offerings need נסכים, with the sources in the פסוק

Overview

The amud opens by finishing רבי יוחנן's explanation of מותר נסכים (leftover libations): extra flour the הקדש gains when a supplier's price drops. Then the גמרא brings one ברייתא supporting רבי חייא בר יוסף, who said it is the overflow of the measuring cups. A second ברייתא supports רבי יוחנן and links its case directly to the משנה. Next, a new משנה teaches that all animal offerings need נסכים except בכור, מעשר, פסח, חטאת and אשם. The חטאת and אשם of a מצורע are an exception to that exception, since they do need נסכים. A ברייתא then finds each part of this rule in the פסוקים of במדבר 15. The main test is whether the type of offering can come as a נדר or a נדבה, and required holiday עולות and שלמים are also included. רבי יאשיה and רבי יונתן disagree about which words leave out a bird עולה. The amud ends with the גמרא starting to explain why רבי יונתן needs a פסוק despite his 'יחדו' rule, and that explanation continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

מִשָּׁלֹשׁ וְעָמְדוּ מֵאַרְבַּע –

[If he agreed to supply] at three, and [the price] came to stand at four –

מְסַפֵּק מֵאַרְבַּע,

he supplies at four,

שֶׁיַּד הֶקְדֵּשׁ עַל הָעֶלְיוֹנָה.

since the hand of the Temple treasury is on top.

תַּנְיָא כְּוָותֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר יוֹסֵף,

It is taught [in a baraita] in line with Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Yosef,

The steps (18)

  1. StatementWhen the price drops, the supplier still gives at the better rate for the Temple
  2. ProofEach opinion has a supporting ברייתא
  3. Proofברייתא: what is done with liquid that overflows the measures
  4. Proofברייתא: the supplier always delivers at the rate that favors the Temple
  5. ConclusionThe ברייתא ties the price-drop case to the משנה
  6. StatementThe new משנה: which offerings need נסכים
  7. ProofA מנחה does not need נסכים; an עולה does
  8. Proofשלמים and תודה are included
  9. ProofRequired offerings are left out: only נדר and נדבה offerings need נסכים
  10. ProofHoliday-required offerings still need נסכים
  11. ProofHoliday goat sin offerings do not need נסכים
  12. ProofHow the בן בקר teaches the rule: a היקש
  13. ProofA bird עולה does not need נסכים
  14. Proofרבי יונתן learns from the word 'זבח' that a bird needs no נסכים
  15. QuestionThen what are the words 'of the herd or of the flock' for?
  16. ResponseA person who vows a burnt offering may bring one type or both
  17. ChallengeWhy does רבי יונתן need a פסוק, given his rule about 'יחדו'?
  18. ResolutionThe verse was still needed, because one might have thought otherwise