Nedarim 36a

נדרים ל״ו ע״א

Learn Nedarim 36a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Nedarim 36a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Whose agents כהנים are, whether a קרבן needs the owner's awareness, and then the next line of the משנה, about separating תרומה.

Overview

The גמרא is trying to decide whether a כהן offering a קרבן acts for Heaven (שלוחי דשמיא) or for the owner (שלוחי דידן). A ברייתא seems to let a כהן offer a full חטאת and אשם for someone he forbade to benefit from him. The גמרא answers that the ברייתא means the קרבנות of a מצורע, which even a child brings, so they need no awareness from the owner. Next, a משנה says a כהן who makes a קרבן פיגול by mistake still makes it truly פיגול, which suggests the כהן is Heaven's agent. The גמרא rejects that proof because the פסוק 'לא יחשב לו' makes פיגול count in any case. Then the גמרא goes back (גופא) to רבי יוחנן's rule that every קרבן needs the owner's awareness except a מחוסר כפרה. It answers two challenges to that rule: the case of a שוטה wife cannot involve a חטאת for חלב, and including young children in a father's פסח is not a Torah law. A משנה and a ברייתא show that a father's 'first to ירושלים' promise is only meant to make his children eager for מצוות. Finally, the גמרא quotes the next line of the משנה, about separating תרומה.

Opening lines

The steps (16)

1. ChallengeA ברייתא lets a כהן offer a sin-offering and guilt-offering
2. ResolutionIt means the offerings of a מצורע
3. ProofThe משנה about כהנים who made a קרבן פיגול
4. ProofAn owner's agent could not ruin the קרבן
5. Rejectionפיגול is a special case
6. StatementEvery קרבן needs the owner's awareness, except a מחוסר כפרה
7. ChallengeThen could one bring a חטאת for a friend's חלב?
8. ResolutionIf she ate while she was a שוטה
9. ResolutionIf she ate while sane and then became a שוטה
10. ChallengeWhy can't a person bring a פסח for a friend?
11. ResolutionIncluding children in the father's פסח is not a Torah law
12. ProofProof from the father who promises the פסח to the first child to reach ירושלים
13. QuestionThen why does the father make the promise?
14. ResponseThe promise makes the children eager to do מצוות
15. ProofA ברייתא: the daughters beat the sons
16. StatementQuoting the next line of the משנה about separating תרומה