Gemara Clarity

Nedarim 52b

נדרים נ״ב ע״ב

Learn Nedarim 52b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Vows on a food and whether they include foods that come from it: milk and whey (קום), lentils and lentil cakes, gravy and meat sediment, and wine cooked into a dish.

Overview

The גמרא opens by pointing out what looks like a contradiction in רבי יוסי's view. He forbids whey (קום) to someone who vowed off milk, yet he permits lentil cakes to someone who vowed off lentils. The answer is that vows follow local speech, and in רבי יוסי's town whey was called 'milk whey'. A ברייתא then teaches that a vow on a general food name does not reach related foods. A vow on a specific item, like 'this meat' or 'this wine', does reach its gravy, its sediment, or a dish that tastes of it. A new משנה rules that vowing off grapes or olives still allows wine and oil, but 'קונם these olives and grapes, that I will not taste' forbids them too. רמי בר חמא asks which words cause this: 'these' (אלו) or 'that I will not taste' (שאיני טועם). After several proofs are pushed away, the story of רבי טרפון and the eggs shows that 'these' is surely enough. A proof from the fish-brine משנה about 'that I will not taste' is rejected by רבא, so that half of the question is not resolved on this amud.

Opening lines

גְּמָ׳ וּרְמִינְהוּ:

Gemara: And they raised a contradiction:

״מִן״ הָעֲדָשִׁים״ — אָסוּר בַּאֲשִׁישִׁים,

One who vows from lentils is forbidden in lentil cakes,

וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר.

and Rabbi Yosei permits.

לָא קַשְׁיָא:

It is not difficult:

The steps (16)

  1. Challengeרבי יוסי seems to contradict himself
  2. ResolutionEach ruling follows local speech
  3. StatementA ברייתא on related foods and a specific piece of meat
  4. StatementWine cooked into a dish
  5. StatementVowing off grapes and olives, and what comes out of them
  6. QuestionWhich words in the vow make it strict?
  7. ProofA try to answer from the wording of the משנה
  8. RejectionThe extra words still teach something
  9. Proofרבא's proof from another משנה
  10. RejectionThe משנה only skipped juice because it wanted to teach a bigger point
  11. ProofA second proof from the end of the same משנה
  12. RejectionThe משנה just kept both halves the same
  13. Proofרבי טרפון's eggs prove that 'this' forbids the flavor that comes out
  14. QuestionThe question is reshaped: only 'that I will not taste' is in doubt
  15. ProofProof from the fish vow: brine is allowed
  16. RejectionThe brine had already come out before the vow