Niddah 46b

נדה מ״ו ע״ב

Learn Niddah 46b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Is a מופלא סמוך לאיש an adult by Torah law or only by rabbinic law, for vows, הקדש and תרומה?

Overview

The amud starts with a ברייתא. It says the Torah treats a מופלא סמוך לאיש like an adult for oaths and vows, but he does not bring a קרבן for misusing his own הקדש. The גמרא tries to prove from it that such a minor gets lashes, but rereads the wording. After a few attempts, it concludes that his vow binds only מדרבנן, and the פסוק is just an אסמכתא. Then it examines the dispute between רב כהנא and רבי יוחנן with ריש לקיש about others eating a minor's הקדש. It traces the dispute to whether a מופלא סמוך לאיש is an adult by Torah law or only by rabbinic law. רב ירמיה challenges the Torah-law view from an orphan girl whose rabbinic-level husband cancels her vow. The גמרא defends it with שמואל's 'either way' answer, רבה בר ליואי's ongoing cancellation, and רבא's rule that a wife vows with her husband's consent in mind. Finally, אביי tries a proof from רבי יוסי's ruling on a minor's תרומה. That leads to a debate over whether רבי יוסי holds that תרומה nowadays is Torah law. The amud ends just as the גמרא begins a supporting ברייתא about dough mixed with תרומה, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (26)

1. QuestionThe ברייתא: should the minor also bring a קרבן?
2. Response'זה הדבר' limits it to vows
3. ProofProof that the minor is liable for בל יחל
4. RejectionReread: only 'the איסור of בל יחל'
5. ChallengeEither way, an איסור without lashes makes no sense
6. ResolutionThe איסור is on the adults who are warned about him
7. ChallengeDoes this mean a court must stop a minor from eating forbidden food?
8. ResolutionThe case is where the minor made it הקדש and others ate it
9. ChallengeThis only works for the view that others get lashes
10. ResolutionThe איסור is only rabbinic and the פסוק is just a support
11. StatementReturning to the dispute about eating a minor's הקדש
12. QuestionWhat is the root of their dispute?
13. ResponseIs a מופלא סמוך לאיש an adult by Torah law or by rabbinic law?
14. ChallengeAn orphan girl's vow and her husband's cancellation
15. ResolutionEither way the husband may cancel
16. ChallengeWhat happens when she grows up?
17. ResolutionThe husband keeps cancelling at every moment
18. ChallengeA husband cannot cancel vows made before the marriage
19. ResolutionEvery woman vows with her husband's approval in mind
20. Proofאביי brings a משנה about a minor separating תרומה
21. ProofHow the תרומה case seems to prove Torah-level adulthood
22. RejectionMaybe רבי יוסי holds תרומה nowadays is rabbinic
23. ChallengeDoes רבי יוסי really hold that תרומה nowadays is rabbinic?
24. ChallengeNo third possession, and סדר עולם is רבי יוסי
25. Resolutionרבי יוסי taught it but does not hold it
26. ProofSupport from dough mixed with תרומה