Niddah 47a

נדה מ״ז ע״א

Learn Niddah 47a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Whether חלה and תרומה nowadays are דאורייתא; the three stages of a girl's growth and the signs of בגרות

Overview

This amud finishes a discussion about whether רבי יוסי holds that תרומה in our times is a Torah obligation (דאורייתא). The גמרא tries to prove from a ברייתא that he holds it is only דרבנן, because he exempts a dough made from a rabbinic mixture of תרומה from חלה. The proof is rejected: maybe רבי יוסי holds that תרומה is דאורייתא while חלה is only דרבנן. רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע backs this up from the verse 'בבואכם'. חלה is Torah law only when all of Israel is in the land, and not everyone came back with עזרא. Then a new משנה compares a girl's growth to a ripening fig in three stages: קטנה, נערה, and בוגרת. Her father has rights to what she finds, to her earnings, and to cancelling her vows until she becomes a בוגרת. The משנה and the גמרא then discuss the physical signs of בגרות, along with stories about how שמואל and other אמוראים treated their maidservants. A ברייתא listing more signs begins at the end of the amud and continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (29)

1. ProofEnd of the ברייתא: a dough made from the mixture and חלה
2. StatementThe assumption that תרומה and חלה share the same status
3. ProofA rabbinic mixture can only cancel a rabbinic חלה
4. RejectionMaybe רבי יוסי separates תרומה from חלה
5. StatementThe scholars of בי רב: even if תרומה is rabbinic, חלה is Torah law
6. ProofProof from the fourteen years of conquest and division
7. Rejectionרב הונא's reply: even if תרומה is Torah law, חלה is rabbinic
8. ProofThe ברייתא: חלה is Torah law only when all of Israel enters
9. ConclusionIn עזרא's time not everyone came up, so חלה is rabbinic
10. StatementThe fig parable: three stages of a girl's growth
11. StatementThe father's rights in each stage
12. QuestionWhat are the signs of full maturity?
13. ResponseFour opinions on the signs of maturity
14. ProofWhere the word פגה comes from
15. ProofWhere the word בוחל comes from
16. ProofA second פסוק for the word בוחל
17. StatementWhat the word צמל means
18. Statementשמואל explains רבי יוסי הגלילי's sign
19. Statementשמואל checks the signs and pays for embarrassment
20. StatementWhy שמואל paid: slaves are for work, not shame
21. StatementHow three אמוראים guarded their maidservants
22. QuestionWhat does עוקץ mean?
23. Responseשמואל: עוקץ is the tip of the breast
24. StatementA ברייתא on the signs of maturity: רבי אלעזר ברבי צדוק
25. Statementרבי יוחנן בן ברוקה: when the tip darkens
26. ChallengeDarkening would make her old
27. Resolutionרב אשי: when the tip splits
28. Statementרבי יוסי: when a ring forms around it
29. Statementרבי שמעון: when there is softening