Niddah 71b

נדה ע״א ע״ב

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Topic

Death-blood under a body, and the purity status of a woman in her days of דם טוהר

Overview

This amud finishes a discussion about blood from a person who died. The גמרא explains that רבי יהודה disagrees with the רבנן because he holds that blood cannot cancel blood. It then shows why he rules a crucified person's blood טהור (the death-drop stays on the wood) but a bed case טמא (blood seeps through a bed). A new משנה follows about a woman in her days of דם טוהר. At first she could only pour water for the קרבן פסח; later the חכמים ranked her as one who touched a טמא מת only for קדשים, while בית שמאי are stricter. The גמרא settles a contradiction inside that משנה by assigning its last part to אבא שאול. The next משנה lists what even בית שמאי allow her: eating מעשר, separating and naming חלה, and her saliva or blood leaving תרומה טהור. The גמרא gives the source for each of these. בית שמאי and בית הלל then argue whether she needs a second טבילה, and רב קטינא explains that the difference is about a 'long טבול יום'. Finally, a new משנה opens about a woman who saw blood on the eleventh day and immersed that evening, and it begins with בית שמאי's ruling.

Opening lines

The steps (23)

1. StatementThe רבנן's reason: each early drop came out separately
2. ChallengeThe רבנן's argument sounds strong
3. Resolutionרבי יהודה holds blood cannot cancel blood
4. StatementThe crucified person: the death-drop stays on the wood
5. ChallengeWhy not say the death-drop stays on the bed?
6. ResolutionA bed is different because blood soaks through it
7. StatementNew משנה: a woman in her pure-blood days poured water for the Pesach
8. StatementThe later ruling and the dispute between בית הלל and בית שמאי
9. ProofInference from the first part: pour yes, touch no
10. ChallengeThe last part of the משנה seems to say the opposite
11. ResolutionThe last part follows אבא שאול
12. StatementBoth sides agree she may eat מעשר and separate חלה
13. StatementHer saliva or blood of purity does not make תרומה טמא
14. StatementDoes she need another טבילה when her days of purity end?
15. ProofSource for why she may eat מעשר
16. StatementWhy she may separate חלה from her dough
17. ProofWhy she brings the separated piece close to the dough
18. StatementWhy the משנה needs to say she may name it חלה
19. ProofWhy her saliva does not make the תרומה טמא
20. QuestionWhat is the difference between בית שמאי and בית הלל?
21. Responseרב קטינא: the difference is a 'long טבול יום'
22. StatementNew משנה: she sees blood on the eleventh day and immerses that evening
23. Statementבית שמאי: they pass on טומאה and must bring a קרבן