Gemara Clarity

Niddah 72a

נדה ע״ב ע״א

Learn Niddah 72a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The final part of the משנה's dispute between בית שמאי and בית הלל about a woman who saw blood on the eleventh day of her ימי זיבה and then immersed and had relations with her husband, plus related cases.

Overview

The amud finishes the משנה about a woman who saw blood during her eleven ימי זיבה and then immersed and had relations too early. If she saw on the eleventh day and immersed that evening, בית הלל exempt the couple from a קרבן. If she immersed on the twelfth day and then saw blood, בית שמאי say she makes משכב and מושב טמא but there is no קרבן. בית הלל agree that seeing inside the eleven days and immersing that evening brings full טומאה and a קרבן. Immersing on the clean day itself is called תרבות רעה, and everything stays on hold. The גמרא brings a ברייתא that narrows the dispute to the eleventh day alone. It then records a sharp debate in which בית שמאי demand 'השוו מדותיכם' and בית הלל answer that a precaution works 'to be strict, not lenient', a principle בית שמאי themselves use. Next, רב הונא says בית שמאי make her משכב and מושב טמא on the second day even if she saw no more blood. רב יוסף, רב כהנא and אביי debate whether the משנה already teaches this. אביי raises difficulties against רב הונא, ending with a משנה from זבים, and the discussion continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים:

And Beit Hillel say:

פְּטוּרִים מִן הַקׇּרְבָּן.

They are exempt from the offering.

טָבְלָה בַּיּוֹם שֶׁלְּאַחֲרָיו,

If she immersed on the day after it,

וְשִׁמְּשָׁה אֶת בֵּיתָהּ,

and had relations with her husband,

The steps (19)

  1. Statementבית הלל exempt the couple from a קרבן in the eleventh-day case
  2. StatementImmersing on the twelfth day and then seeing blood: בית שמאי's view
  3. Statementבית הלל call the husband a glutton
  4. Statementבית הלל agree when she sees inside the eleven days and immerses that evening
  5. StatementImmersing the next day is bad practice, and everything is left hanging
  6. StatementThe ברייתא lists what both sides agree on
  7. StatementThe only argument is about the eleventh day
  8. Challengeבית שמאי ask why the eleventh day should be different
  9. Resolutionבית הלל answer that the next day cannot join the eleventh
  10. Challengeבית שמאי demand that בית הלל be consistent
  11. ResolutionStrict for טומאה does not mean requiring a קרבן
  12. Challengeבית הלל show that בית שמאי split the same way
  13. ConclusionStrict, but not lenient: the same here
  14. Statementרב הונא: her bed and seat on the second day are impure even without new blood
  15. Challengeרב יוסף: the משנה already teaches this
  16. Resolutionרב כהנא: in the משנה she saw blood
  17. Rejectionרב יוסף: seeing on that day is only a נדה sighting
  18. Resolutionאביי explains what was really bothering רב כהנא
  19. ChallengeA further challenge from the משנה in זבים