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Niddah 72b

נדה ע״ב ע״ב

Learn Niddah 72b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

How בית שמאי treat a שומרת יום כנגד יום, the argument over watching after bleeding on the tenth day, and whether the eleven days of זיבה are a הלכה למשה מסיני or come from פסוקים.

Overview

The amud first finishes a challenge to רב הונא. He said that for בית שמאי, a שומרת יום כנגד יום who immersed and had relations is definitely טמאה by rabbinic law. A ברייתא seems to show that בית שמאי treat her only as תולין (in suspense). The גמרא rereads the ברייתא as talking about the man who was with her, not the woman herself. It then explains that the רבנן decreed only for common cases. A second challenge comes from the משנה, which says her contact is 'suspended.' The גמרא answers that this clause follows only בית הלל, using a ברייתא of רבי יהודה whose wording it corrects. Next, רבי יוחנן and ריש לקיש argue whether bleeding on the tenth day of the eleven זיבה days needs watching. Each one ties his view to how he reads the הלכה למשה מסיני about the eleven days. Finally the גמרא asks whether the eleven days really come from פסוקים, and begins quoting a ברייתא to show this. The ברייתא continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

וְתַנְיָא: הַמֵּסִיט אֶת הָרְאִיָּיה

And it is taught: one who moves the discharge that was seen

בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים: תּוֹלִין,

Beit Shammai say: it is held in suspense,

וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין.

and Beit Hillel deem him pure.

מִשְׁכָּבוֹת וּמוֹשָׁבוֹת

Items for lying and for sitting

The steps (24)

  1. ProofA ברייתא about moving a first-sighting discharge
  2. ProofBeds and seats between the first and second sighting
  3. ChallengeThe opening clause compares him to a שומרת יום כנגד יום
  4. ResolutionRead it as 'like the man who had relations with her'
  5. QuestionWhy is she stricter than him?
  6. ResponseBlood is common for her, so the רבנן made a decree
  7. QuestionThen why doesn't she make the man impure?
  8. ResponseLying and sitting are common, relations are not
  9. ChallengeA challenge from the משנה: her contact is only 'suspended'
  10. ResolutionThis part of the משנה is only בית הלל, with a ברייתא as support
  11. ChallengeCould it really mean a נדה?
  12. ResolutionRather, read it as a זבה
  13. ChallengeCould it really mean a זבה?
  14. ResolutionFinal reading: a שומרת יום כנגד יום
  15. Statementרבי יוחנן: the tenth day is like the ninth
  16. Statementריש לקיש: the tenth day is like the eleventh
  17. StatementAnother version: the eleven days are a הלכה למשה מסיני
  18. QuestionWhat exactly is the הלכה about the eleven days?
  19. ResponseOne rule or several rules for the eleventh day
  20. Responseרבי יוחנן: one rule, only the eleventh day is free from watching
  21. Responseריש לקיש: two rules, so the tenth day also needs no watching
  22. ChallengeAre these really laws from סיני? They come from פסוקים!
  23. ProofA ברייתא's first guess: three days at the start makes her a זבה
  24. ProofThe ברייתא applies the פסוק to one day of bleeding and moves to its proof פסוק