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Niddah 73a

נדה ע״ג ע״א

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Topic

The ברייתא's derivation of the laws of זבה from the פסוקים, the question of פסוקים versus הלכה למשה מסיני, and the closing of מסכת נדה.

Overview

A ברייתא works through the פסוק about a זבה (ויקרא 15:25-26), word by word. First it shows which days after her נדה days count as days of זיבה. Some days come from extra words in the פסוק, and days up to the tenth come from a comparison with the fourth day. The eleventh day comes from 'בלא עת נדתה', but the twelfth day is left out because it is not fit for the counting of 'או כי תזוב'. The ברייתא then teaches that bleeding for three, two, or even one day counts. It also teaches that a זבה makes the man who is with her טמא, but a זב does not, even though a קל וחומר seemed to say he should. She also makes משכב ומושב טמא, and after one or two days of bleeding she counts only one clean day. The גמרא asks how these laws can come from פסוקים if they are a הלכה למשה מסיני. It answers that רבי עקיבא learns them from פסוקים, while רבי אלעזר בן עזריה holds they are a הלכה. רבי אבא then proves from 'על נדתה' that bleeding at night also makes her a זבה. The מסכת closes with דבי אליהו's teaching that whoever learns הלכות every day is promised עולם הבא, followed by the הדרן.

Opening lines

״בְּלֹא עֶת נִדָּתָהּ״

"Not in the time of her menstruation"

(עַל נִדָּתָהּ) — סָמוּךְ לְנִדָּתָהּ.

(Beyond her menstruation) means close to her menstruation.

וְאֵין לִי אֶלָּא סָמוּךְ לְנִדָּתָהּ,

And I have only bleeding close to her menstruation;

מוּפְלָג לְנִדָּתָהּ יוֹם אֶחָד מִנַּיִן?

from where do we learn bleeding one day separated from her menstruation?

The steps (35)

  1. StatementThe verse teaches bleeding right after her נדה days
  2. QuestionWhat about bleeding one day after her נדה days?
  3. ResponseThe extra words 'or if she has a discharge' add one day
  4. QuestionWhat about two through ten days after?
  5. ResponseComparing the tenth day to the fourth day
  6. QuestionWhat is the source for the eleventh day?
  7. ResponseThe eleventh day comes from 'not in the time of her נדה'
  8. QuestionMaybe the twelfth day is also included?
  9. ResponseNo, the twelfth day is not included
  10. QuestionWhy include eleven but leave out twelve?
  11. ResponseEleven fits the counting of 'או כי תזוב', twelve does not
  12. QuestionWhat about bleeding for only two days?
  13. Response'Days' includes two days
  14. QuestionWhat about bleeding for only one day?
  15. Response'All the days' includes even one day
  16. Statement'Impure' teaches that a זבה makes the man טמא like a נדה
  17. Statement'She' – only a זבה, not a זב
  18. ChallengeA logical argument that a זב should make the woman he is with טמא
  19. ResolutionThe word 'היא' blocks the logical argument
  20. QuestionSource that a זבה makes beds and seats טמא
  21. ResponseLearned from 'like the bed of her נדה time'
  22. QuestionWhat about two days of bleeding?
  23. Response'Days' covers two days
  24. QuestionWhat about one day of bleeding?
  25. Response'All the days' includes even one day
  26. QuestionSource that she counts one clean day for one day of bleeding
  27. ResponseLearned from 'shall be for her'
  28. ChallengeA logical argument that two days of bleeding should need seven clean days
  29. Resolution'Shall be for her' means she counts only her one day
  30. ChallengeSo these laws come from verses after all
  31. ResolutionIt depends on which תנא
  32. ChallengeMaybe daytime bleeding makes a זבה and night bleeding a נדה
  33. Resolution"Next to her נדה" means night counts too
  34. StatementLearning הלכות every day brings עולם הבא
  35. ConclusionHadran — Closing פרק תינוקת and מסכת נדה