Pesachim 108b

פסחים ק״ח ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 108b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 108b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The ארבע כוסות at the סדר: how much wine each cup needs, cases of drinking them in an unusual way, what the wine must be like, and who is obligated to drink them.

Overview

This amud opens by finishing a statement from the previous amud: women are obligated in the ארבע כוסות because they too were part of the miracle of יציאת מצרים. Then רב יהודה quotes שמואל, who sets a minimum amount of wine for each cup. שמואל also lists three cases that still count: drinking the wine undiluted, drinking all four at once, and sharing the cups with one's household. The גמרא goes through each case and limits it. Undiluted wine misses the 'freedom' part (רבא). Drinking all at once does not count as four cups (רב). Sharing works only if he drank most of the cup (רב נחמן בר יצחק). Next, a ברייתא requiring a רביעית per cup seems to contradict שמואל's measure, and the גמרא shows that both describe the same amount. רבא gives the פסוק behind רבי יהודה's view that the wine must look like wine. Finally, a ברייתא teaches that men, women, and children are all obligated. רבי יהודה questions giving wine to children, and his alternative continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (11)

1. StatementWomen were also part of the miracle
2. StatementHow much wine each cup must hold
3. StatementThree ways that still count
4. StatementUndiluted wine counts only partly
5. StatementDrinking all at once is not four cups
6. StatementSharing counts only if he drank most
7. ChallengeA ברייתא seems to give a different measure for the cups
8. ResolutionBoth measures are really the same amount
9. Statementרבא gives the verse behind רבי יהודה's view
10. StatementEveryone is obligated in the four cups
11. Statementרבי יהודה questions why children need wine