Gemara Clarity

Pesachim 23b

פסחים כ״ג ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 23b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 23b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Where does the Torah teach איסור הנאה (חמץ, שור הנסקל), and how do רבי יוסי הגלילי/רבי עקיבא, חזקיה/רבי אבהו, and רבי יהושע בן לוי differ on the source?

Overview

The גמרא first suggests that רבי יוסי הגלילי and רבי עקיבא disagree about whether "לא תאכלו" also forbids הנאה. It rejects this: both agree it does, and they argue only about whether permitting a נבילה also permits its חלב and גיד. This raises a side question about the גיד for רבי יוסי הגלילי, answered either by forbidding it or by a קל וחומר from חלב, which רבי שמעון refutes. The גמרא then asks what חזקיה and רבי אבהו really disagree about. Both forbid benefit from חמץ בפסח and שור הנסקל, but חזקיה learns it from 'לא יאכל' and רבי אבהו learns it from נבילה. Their practical difference is חולין שנשחטו בעזרה: for חזקיה the word 'אותו' forbids them from the Torah, while for רבי אבהו it does not. Finally, a Sage quoting רבי יהושע בן לוי turns down all three known sources. He learns איסור הנאה from the extra words 'באש תשרף' in the verse about an outer חטאת whose blood was improperly brought inside, applied to all איסורין שבתורה.

Opening lines

מַאי לָאו בְּהָא קָמִיפַּלְגִי,

What, is it not that they disagree about this:

דְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי סָבַר:

that Rabbi Yosei HaGelili holds:

״לֹא תֹאכְלוּ״ מַשְׁמַע

"You shall not eat" implies

בֵּין אִיסּוּר אֲכִילָה בֵּין אִיסּוּר הֲנָאָה,

both a prohibition of eating and a prohibition of benefit,

The steps (23)

  1. ProofSuggesting the dispute is about whether "You shall not eat" includes benefit
  2. RejectionRejection: everyone agrees, and the argument is about the fat and sinew
  3. ChallengeAccording to רבי יוסי הגלילי, should the sinew stay forbidden?
  4. ResolutionFirst answer: yes, the sinew is indeed forbidden
  5. ResolutionSecond answer: a קל וחומר permits the sinew
  6. ChallengeWhy doesn't רבי שמעון accept this קל וחומר?
  7. ResolutionRefuting the קל וחומר: fat has a leniency the sinew lacks
  8. Resolutionרבי יוסי הגלילי defends his קל וחומר: we compare only domestic animals
  9. QuestionSo where do חזקיה and רבי אבהו actually disagree?
  10. ResponseThey agree on חמץ and שור הנסקל but learn it from different sources
  11. QuestionIf both forbid benefit, what is the practical difference?
  12. ResponseThe difference is חולין slaughtered in the עזרה: חזקיה's view
  13. Responseרבי אבהו's view: חולין slaughtered in the עזרה are not forbidden from the Torah
  14. StatementA new question in the name of רבי יהושע בן לוי
  15. ChallengeWhy not learn it from 'לא יאכל'?
  16. ResolutionHe reads 'לא יאכל' as eating only
  17. ChallengeWhy not learn it from נבילה?
  18. ResolutionHe follows רבי יהודה: the words mean exactly what they say
  19. ChallengeThen use רבי יהודה's own source
  20. ResolutionHe needs 'אותו' for חולין slaughtered in the עזרה
  21. ResponseHis source: the verse of the חטאת whose blood was brought inside
  22. QuestionThe words 'burned with fire' seem unnecessary
  23. ResponseThe extra words apply to all forbidden things in the Torah