Pesachim 24b

פסחים כ״ד ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 24b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 24b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Extra verses that teach new laws (ויקרא ז:יט), and רבי יוחנן's rule that מלקות apply only to normal eating or benefit, with אביי's exception for כלאי הכרם.

Overview

This amud opens at the end of a challenge about the צירעה, which brings six sets of מלקות because many verses forbid it. רב אשי answers with a rule: whenever a verse can teach something new, we learn it that way and do not read it as just another לאו. The גמרא applies this rule to ויקרא ז:יט. The first half includes עצים and לבונה, and the second half includes the אימורין. The second half is not a repeat of the next verse, because that verse deals with a טמא person (כרת) and ours deals with טמא meat (a לאו). Next, רבי יוחנן teaches that מלקות are given only for using a forbidden item in its normal way. One version speaks of eating, and another speaks of benefit, with the examples of raw חלב and fat placed on a wound. רבי זירא tries to prove this from a משנה about ערלה juices, and אביי rejects the proof. אביי then rules that for כלאי הכרם there are מלקות even for unusual benefit, because 'eating' is not written about them. The גמרא begins a challenge to him from איסי בן יהודה's sources for בשר בחלב, and the challenge continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (20)

1. ChallengeThe hornet case: many lashes for one act of eating
2. ResolutionThe rule: if a verse can teach something new, we use it that way
3. QuestionWhy do we need the first half of the verse?
4. ResponseIt includes wood and frankincense
5. QuestionWhy do we need the second half of the verse?
6. ResponseIt includes the altar portions
7. ChallengeBut the altar portions are already learned from another verse
8. ResolutionImpure person versus impure meat
9. StatementLashes only for eating in the normal way
10. QuestionWhat case does this rule exclude?
11. ResponseEating raw fat is exempt
12. StatementSecond version: lashes only for normal benefit
13. QuestionWhat does the second version exclude?
14. ResponsePutting forbidden fat on a wound is exempt
15. ProofAnother tradition confirms the benefit version
16. ProofSupport from the law of ערלה juices
17. Rejectionאביי rejects the proof from the juice משנה
18. StatementMixed vineyard crops bring lashes even for unusual use
19. Challengeאיסי בן יהודה's source for the meat-and-milk prohibition
20. ChallengeDeriving the benefit ban on meat and milk from ערלה