Pesachim 30b

פסחים ל׳ ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 30b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 30b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Kashering ovens, pots, knives and earthenware for פסח; cold versus hot absorption; and חמץ held as security for a loan

Overview

The amud opens with a ברייתא about an oven greased with אליה. Re-firing the oven makes it usable again, and this refutes רבא בר אהילאי. רבינא asks why רב then requires חמץ pots to be broken on פסח. רב אשי answers that the oven is metal and the pot is clay (חרס), or that the oven is heated from inside while the pot is heated from outside. The גמרא then gives practical rules for preparing utensils for פסח: knives and a wooden ladle are purged in boiling water in a כלי ראשון, because כבולעו כך פולטו. אמימר rules that glazed earthenware absorbs and can never be kashered for פסח, even though such vessels are permitted for יין נסך, because hot use absorbs far more than cold use. שמואל adds that vessels used only for cold חמץ are permitted, except containers of strong leaven: a בית שאור, a בית חרוסת, and the kneading bowls of מחוזא. A new משנה then teaches whether חמץ held as security for a loan is permitted after פסח. The גמרא starts to analyze it through the מחלוקת of אביי and רבא about when a creditor's collection takes effect, and that discussion continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (29)

1. ProofA teaching about an oven greased with sheep-tail fat
2. ChallengeInference: once the oven is fired, the bread is allowed
3. Conclusionרבא בר אהילאי is refuted
4. Challengeרבינא asks: then why must חמץ pots be broken?
5. ResolutionFirst answer: a metal oven versus a clay pot
6. ResolutionSecond answer: heated from inside versus from outside
7. ChallengeSo heat the pot from the inside
8. ResolutionHe will hold back for fear the pot cracks
9. ConclusionPractical rule for a clay baking griddle
10. Questionרבינא asks how to prepare knives for פסח
11. Responseרב אשי says he makes new knives
12. Challengeרבינא objects: what about someone who cannot afford new knives
13. Resolutionרב אשי explains he meant making knives like new
14. ConclusionThe הלכה: boiling water in a first vessel suffices for blade and handle
15. StatementA wooden ladle is purged in boiling water in a first vessel
16. Questionאמימר is asked about glazed earthenware vessels
17. QuestionNarrowing the question to smooth black and white glazed vessels
18. Responseאמימר rules glazed earthenware is forbidden because it absorbs
19. ChallengeWhy are glazed vessels permitted for libation wine?
20. RejectionRabbinic laws follow the Torah's pattern
21. ResolutionHot use versus cold use
22. StatementVessels used cold for חמץ may be used for מצה
23. StatementThe spice container is like the sourdough container
24. StatementThe kneading bowls of מחוזא
25. ChallengeIsn't this obvious?
26. ResolutionWide bowls might seem not to absorb
27. Statementמשנה: חמץ held as security for a loan
28. StatementWhen does the creditor's ownership begin?
29. StatementSale or consecration: everyone agrees the creditor seizes