Pesachim 31b

פסחים ל״א ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 31b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 31b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

משכון of חמץ and 'מעכשיו', חמץ found after פסח, חמץ buried under rubble, and eating תרומה of חמץ on פסח

Overview

The גמרא explains the ברייתא about a ישראל who holds a גוי's חמץ as a משכון. The תנא קמא and רבי מאיר argue about רבי יצחק's rule that a בעל חוב owns the משכון he holds. All agree that a גוי lender does not acquire a ישראל's משכון this way. The משנה still permits such חמץ after פסח, and the גמרא explains that this is a case where the ישראל borrower told the גוי lender: if I do not repay by the due date, it is yours 'מעכשיו' (from now). A ברייתא about פת פורני proves that 'מעכשיו' makes a difference. A ברייתא then teaches that חמץ found in a store after פסח follows the owner of the store and its stock, not the workers. A new משנה says חמץ buried under rubble counts as destroyed, as long as it is beyond a dog's search (three טפחים), and רב חסדא adds that one must still do ביטול. Money buried by a שומר needs only one טפח, because it only has to be hidden from sight. Finally, a new משנה discusses eating תרומה of חמץ on פסח, and the גמרא begins by quoting a related משנה from מסכת תרומות.

Opening lines

The steps (21)

1. ResolutionA new setup: the collateral was placed with the lender
2. Statementרבי יצחק: a creditor owns the collateral he holds
3. Statementתנא קמא: the rule applies only between two Jews
4. Statementרבי מאיר: all the more so from a gentile
5. StatementEveryone agrees: a gentile never acquires collateral from a Jew
6. ChallengeChallenge from the משנה: why is the חמץ permitted?
7. ResolutionIt depends on whether the borrower said 'from now'
8. ProofBringing a source that 'from now' makes a difference
9. ConclusionDrawing the conclusion from the ברייתא
10. Statementחמץ found in a Jewish-owned store after פסח
11. Statementחמץ found in a gentile-owned store after פסח
12. Statementחמץ buried under a collapse counts as destroyed
13. StatementHow deep the rubble must be: beyond a dog's reach
14. Statementרב חסדא: one must still nullify it in his heart
15. StatementA dog digs three טפחים deep
16. QuestionDoes buried money also need three טפחים?
17. Responseחמץ is hidden from smell, money is hidden from sight
18. QuestionSo how deep must money be buried?
19. ResponseOne טפח is enough for money
20. StatementNew משנה: eating תרומה of חמץ on פסח
21. StatementThe גמרא quotes a related משנה from מסכת תרומות