Pesachim 44b

פסחים מ״ד ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 44b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 44b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The word מִשְׁרַת: טעם כעיקר (רבנן) vs. היתר מצטרף לאיסור (רבי עקיבא, followed by רבי יוחנן), and where each side learns טעם כעיקר from

Overview

This amud continues a challenge against רבי יוחנן, who learns from the word מִשְׁרַת (the נזיר may not drink anything 'soaked' from grapes) that permitted food joins with forbidden food to make up the forbidden amount (היתר מצטרף לאיסור). A ברייתא uses the same word for טעם כעיקר, the rule that the taste of a forbidden food counts like the food itself. It then spreads that rule to כלאים, ערלה and the whole Torah with a קל וחומר. The גמרא answers that the ברייתא follows the רבנן, while רבי יוחנן follows רבי עקיבא, and it shows from a ברייתא that רבי עקיבא holds היתר מצטרף לאיסור. Next the גמרא asks where רבי עקיבא learns טעם כעיקר. It first suggests בשר בחלב, but that is a חידוש, so it switches to גיעולי גוים, the koshering of non-Jewish pots. The רבנן say גיעולי גוים is also a חידוש, because even a same-day pot gives a slightly spoiled taste. Finally, רב אחא בריה דרב אויא argues that if the רבנן spread their lesson from מִשְׁרַת to the whole Torah, רבי עקיבא's lesson should spread too. רב אשי's answer begins here and continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (21)

1. ChallengeThe word 'soaked' teaches that taste counts like substance
2. ProofA קל וחומר from נזיר to כלאים
3. Proofערלה follows too, being stricter in two ways
4. ResolutionThe ברייתא follows the רבנן; רבי יוחנן follows רבי עקיבא
5. QuestionWhich statement of רבי עקיבא? A first suggestion
6. RejectionThe משנה may mean wine alone
7. RejectionWhy the משנה would still teach something new
8. ResponseThe source is רבי עקיבא in a ברייתא
9. QuestionWhere does רבי עקיבא learn taste is like substance?
10. Responseרבי עקיבא learns it from בשר בחלב
11. ResponseThe רבנן do not learn from בשר בחלב because it is a חידוש
12. QuestionWhat is the חידוש of בשר בחלב? A first suggestion
13. Rejectionכלאים works the same way, so that is not unusual
14. ResponseThe real novelty: soaking all day is allowed, but cooking is forbidden
15. Challengeרבי עקיבא should also agree that בשר בחלב is a חידוש
16. Resolutionרבי עקיבא learns from koshering non-Jewish pots
17. ChallengeThe רבנן say koshering non-Jewish pots is also a special exception
18. Resolutionרבי עקיבא: only a same-day pot was forbidden
19. RejectionThe רבנן: even a same-day pot spoils the taste a little
20. ChallengeIf the רבנן generalize from the word מִשְׁרַת, רבי עקיבא should too
21. Resolutionרב אשי begins his reply