Pesachim 45a

פסחים מ״ה ע״א

Learn Pesachim 45a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 45a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Why רבי עקיבא limits היתר מצטרף לאיסור while the רבנן learn טעם כעיקר for the whole Torah, followed by the משנה and שמואל's two versions about dough stuck in the cracks of a kneading bowl.

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a discussion from the previous daf. רבי עקיבא learns from נזיר that permitted food joins with forbidden food (היתר מצטרף לאיסור). He does not apply this to the whole Torah, because חטאת teaches the same thing. When two verses teach one idea, no general rule is learned from them (שני כתובין הבאין כאחד אין מלמדין). The רבנן answer that the verses teach different lessons. חטאת teaches היתר מצטרף לאיסור, and the word משרת in נזיר teaches טעם כעיקר, which then applies to the whole Torah. רב אשי asks why, according to רבי עקיבא, a verse is needed to teach that two forbidden foods combine. רב כהנא answers that forbidden and permitted combine only when eaten together, while two forbidden foods combine even when eaten one after the other. A new משנה then rules on dough stuck in the cracks of a kneading bowl, both for removing חמץ and for חציצה when the bowl is immersed. שמואל limits the משנה based on whether the dough strengthens the bowl, and the גמרא gives two versions of his statement, each backed by a ברייתא. The second ברייתא continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (21)

1. ResolutionTwo verses teaching one idea do not spread to the whole Torah
2. QuestionWhere does the sin-offering source come from?
3. Responseברייתא: meat is affected only if it absorbs the sin-offering
4. ResponseThe meat takes on the full status of the sin-offering
5. ChallengeChallenge to the Rabbis: shouldn't their source also be blocked?
6. ResolutionThe Rabbis answer that both verses are needed
7. Challengeרבי עקיבא asks why both verses are needed
8. ResolutionThe Rabbis say the two verses teach different lessons
9. Rejectionרבי עקיבא says both verses teach the same rule
10. Challengeרב אשי asks why a verse is needed for two forbidden foods combining
11. Resolutionרב כהנא explains the two kinds of combining are different
12. Statementמשנה: dough stuck in the cracks of a kneading bowl before Pesach
13. Statementמשנה: whether the dough in the cracks blocks immersion of the bowl
14. StatementFirst version: dough that strengthens the bowl need not be removed
15. ConclusionInference from the first version: less than a כזית never needs removal
16. StatementSecond version: שמואל's statement is on the סיפא
17. ConclusionInference from the second version: a כזית always needs removal
18. ProofEach version has a supporting ברייתא
19. ProofThe ברייתא for the first version: the location rule
20. ProofThe ברייתא limits the location rule to a כזית
21. ProofA second ברייתא begins, matching the second version