Pesachim 45b

פסחים מ״ה ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 45b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 45b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Dough in a kneading bowl, small pieces of חמץ, spoiled food, and the משנה's comparison of חמץ to טומאה

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a ברייתא about dough stuck in a kneading bowl. It says dough that patches the bowl is ignored only when it is less than a כזית. The גמרא notes that this clashes with an earlier ברייתא. רב הונא says to delete the lenient one. רב יוסף instead calls it a dispute between the תנא קמא and רבי שמעון בן אלעזר, who holds that leaven set aside as a seat is nullified. אביי shows this does not explain the ruling about less than a כזית, and he places both rulings under רבי שמעון בן אלעזר: dough in the kneading area must be removed, but dough elsewhere, even on the rim, need not be. Two versions are then given of whether רב rules like רבי שמעון בן אלעזר. Next, שמואל gives a test for when two half-כזית pieces join, עולא is stricter about pieces in a house, and questions from ארץ ישראל about separate rooms end in תיקו. The גמרא then discusses moldy bread and flour in a tanner's bowl, ruling like רבי נתן. Finally it asks how the משנה can compare the טומאה rule to the חמץ rule. אביי begins an answer that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (33)

1. StatementThe second ברייתא adds a כזית limit
2. ChallengeThe two ברייתות contradict each other
3. Resolutionרב הונא: delete the lenient ברייתא
4. Resolutionרב יוסף: it is a dispute between תנאים
5. ProofProof source: moldy bread must still be destroyed
6. Statementרבי שמעון בן אלעזר: leaven set aside for sitting is nullified
7. ProofInference: the תנא קמא holds a כזית is never nullified
8. Challengeאביי: Your answer does not cover less than a כזית
9. ResolutionBoth ברייתות follow רבי שמעון בן אלעזר: kneading area versus non-kneading area
10. Statementרב אשי: Even the rim of the trough counts as outside the kneading area
11. ChallengeIsn't that obvious?
12. ResolutionWe might have thought dough sometimes drips onto the rim
13. StatementThe halacha follows רבי שמעון בן אלעזר
14. ChallengeChallenge from רב's statement about plastering with mortar
15. ResolutionDifferent reporters taught different versions of רב
16. ConclusionSecond version: the halacha does not follow רבי שמעון בן אלעזר
17. StatementTwo half-olive pieces joined by a string of dough
18. Statementעולא limits the leniency to a kneading bowl
19. QuestionWhy the house is stricter: the pieces may be swept together
20. QuestionQuestions from the West about pieces in separate areas
21. ConclusionThe questions remain unresolved
22. StatementMoldy bread still counts as food
23. Statementרבי נתן says the moldy bread cannot become impure
24. QuestionWhich opinion does the משנה in טהרות follow?
25. ResponseThe משנה does not follow רבי נתן
26. StatementFlour in a tanner's bowl before פסח
27. Statementרבי נתן: once hides are in, no removal needed
28. Conclusionרבא rules like רבי נתן
29. StatementThe משנה's line about impurity and blocking
30. ChallengeHow can size and minding be compared
31. Resolutionרב יהודה rereads the משנה as a contrast
32. Challengeאביי objects that the משנה says 'similarly'
33. Resolutionאביי begins his own explanation