Pesachim 58b

פסחים נ״ח ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 58b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The time of the afternoon תמיד on שבת and ערב פסח (אביי, רבא, רבה בר עולא), and the rule that the two תמידים open and close the day's offerings

Overview

The גמרא continues the dispute between רבי ישמעאל and רבי עקיבא about when the afternoon תמיד is brought on שבת. Following רבא's reading, it asks why רבי עקיבא does not bring the תמיד at six and a half hours. It answers that the מוספין (six hours) and the בזיכין (seven hours) must come first, which pushes the תמיד to seven and a half. רבה בר עולא objects that the ברייתא never mentions ערב פסח. He rereads it as an argument about an ordinary שבת, so our משנה about ערב פסח fits everyone, and the argument is about a גזירה on שבת because of the weekday's נדרים and נדבות. Two more ברייתות then test אביי and רבא, and each אמורא defends himself by rereading one phrase. Next a ברייתא teaches that nothing comes before the morning תמיד (רבא: from 'העולה') and nothing comes after the afternoon תמיד. For that second rule, רבא rejects אביי's proof and reads 'השלמים' as 'השלם': all offerings are completed by the afternoon תמיד. The amud ends with a ברייתא giving the ערב פסח order: תמיד, פסח, קטורת, then נרות. The discussion of that ברייתא continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (23)

1. ChallengeWhy not bring the תמיד at six and a half hours?
2. ResolutionThe מוספין and בזיכין come first, pushing the תמיד later
3. Challengeרבה בר עולא: the ברייתא never mentions ערב פסח
4. ResolutionNew reading: רבי ישמעאל compares an ordinary weekday to an ordinary שבת
5. Statementרבי עקיבא: an ordinary שבת is like an ordinary ערב פסח
6. ConclusionOur משנה fits everyone
7. QuestionWhat is the basis of their argument?
8. ResponseThey argue about a decree because of voluntary offerings
9. ChallengeThen why not bring it even earlier?
10. ResolutionThe additional offerings and frankincense bowls come first
11. ChallengeA new ברייתא about the times of the תמיד
12. ChallengeThis fits אביי but is hard for רבא
13. Resolutionרבא rereads 'like Monday' as 'like an ordinary Monday'
14. ChallengeA second ברייתא about ערב פסח on שבת
15. ChallengeThe ברייתא fits רבא but is difficult for אביי
16. Resolutionאביי changes the reading of the ברייתא
17. StatementNothing may come before the morning תמיד
18. Responseרבא explains the proof from the word 'העולה'
19. StatementNothing may come after the afternoon תמיד
20. Responseאביי explains the proof from the word 'עליה'
21. Challengeרבא objects: the verse only mentions peace-offerings
22. Resolutionרבא's new reading: all offerings are completed on the תמיד
23. StatementThe order of the afternoon service on ערב פסח