Pesachim 59a

פסחים נ״ט ע״א

Learn Pesachim 59a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The order of the daily Temple services around the תמיד, and which offerings may come after the afternoon תמיד

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a source for why the afternoon תמיד comes before the קרבן פסח: the פסח has two time-words, "בערב" and "בין הערבים", and the תמיד has only one. The גמרא asks why the קטרת and נרות, which also have only "בין הערבים", do not come before the פסח too. One ברייתא answers that the word "אותו" makes lighting the נרות the only service valid all night, and the קטרת is linked to the נרות. A second ברייתא disagrees and puts the order as תמיד, קטרת, נרות, פסח. That ברייתא reads "אותו" as excluding only the inside service, the קטרת, so the קטרת must already be burning when the נרות are lit. Next, a ברייתא teaches that only the קטרת comes before the morning תמיד. It also lists the few things allowed after the afternoon תמיד, including a מחוסר כפורים on ערב פסח, and רבי ישמעאל בנו של רבי יוחנן בן ברוקא extends this to every day of the year. The גמרא asks how רבי ישמעאל's view fits with the מצוה of השלמה, and רב חסדא and רב פפא each give an answer. Questions about the אשם and the עולה follow, ending with the rule that a חטאת always comes before its עולה. רבא begins to answer that the עולה of a מצורע is different, and his proof verse continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (28)

1. StatementThe פסח comes after the תמיד because of its time-words
2. ChallengeThen the קטרת and נרות should also come before the פסח
3. ResolutionThe lamps are different because of the word אותו
4. Proofברייתא: give the menorah enough oil for the whole night
5. ProofOnly the lamps are valid from evening until morning
6. ResolutionThe incense is linked to the lamps
7. ProofA second ברייתא matches our original question
8. ChallengeBut the verse says אותו
9. Resolutionאותו only excludes the inside service, the incense
10. ResolutionWhy we needed the verse to exclude the incense
11. ChallengeThen why does the verse say he burns it in the afternoon?
12. ResolutionThe incense should already be burning when the lamps are lit
13. StatementOnly the incense comes before the morning daily offering
14. StatementWhy the double 'morning' puts the incense first
15. StatementWhat may still be done after the afternoon daily offering
16. Statementרבי ישמעאל extends the exception to every day
17. ChallengeWhat justifies רבי ישמעאל's exception?
18. Resolutionרב חסדא: The case is a bird sin-offering
19. Resolutionרב פפא: Even an animal sin-offering works, by leaving its parts overnight on the altar
20. ChallengeChallenge to רב חסדא: What about the guilt-offering?
21. ResolutionAnswer: His guilt-offering was already brought
22. ChallengeChallenge: What about the burnt-offering, which also holds back atonement?
23. ResolutionMaybe his burnt-offering was already brought
24. ChallengeCan the burnt-offering come before the sin-offering?
25. ProofA ברייתא asks why the Torah says 'first'
26. ProofA general rule: every sin-offering comes first
27. ChallengeEven a bird sin-offering comes before an animal burnt-offering
28. Resolutionרבא: the burnt-offering of a מצורע is different