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Pesachim 61a

פסחים ס״א ע״א

Learn Pesachim 61a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 61a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

שינוי בעלים in a פסח during the year, and the new משנה on slaughtering the פסח for improper eaters and at improper times

Overview

The amud opens by finishing the rejection of רב פפא's attempt to learn the law of שינוי בעלים from שינוי קודש. The גמרא lists four ways שינוי קודש is a stronger disqualification. It then admits that two of the four differences can be challenged, but insists that the other two still hold. רבא gives a new reason instead: a פסח slaughtered during the year with שינוי בעלים is treated as if it had no owner at its proper time, so it is פסול. A new משנה then teaches that a פסח slaughtered only for people who cannot eat it or are not registered for it is פסול, while a mixed intention leaves it כשר. The same משנה sets the time rules: before חצות it is פסול, and before the תמיד it is כשר. The גמרא defines 'not its eaters' and 'not its members' and finds their sources in the verse. במכסת and תכוסו make registration לעכב, רבי reads תכוסו as 'slaughter', and a היקש links eaters to members.

Opening lines

וְיֶשְׁנוֹ לְאַחַר מִיתָה,

And it (change of sanctity) applies after death,

וְיֶשְׁנוֹ בְּצִבּוּר כְּבַיָּחִיד.

and it applies to a communal offering just as to an individual's.

תֹּאמַר בְּשִׁינּוּי בְּעָלִים —

Will you say the same about a change of owner?

דְּאֵין פְּסוּלוֹ בְּגוּפוֹ,

For its disqualification is not in the animal itself,

The steps (15)

  1. RejectionFinishing the list of differences between the two disqualifications
  2. StatementTwo of the differences are shaky, but two are solid
  3. ChallengeThe first weak difference: both are only a matter of thought
  4. ChallengeThe second weak difference: רב פנחס holds it applies after death
  5. ConclusionTwo differences still stand
  6. Statementרבא's new reason: treated as having no owner at its proper time
  7. StatementSlaughtering the פסח for the wrong people
  8. StatementThe time limits for slaughtering the פסח
  9. StatementA ברייתא defines 'not for its eaters' and 'not for its members'
  10. QuestionWhere do these rules come from?
  11. ResponseThe source is the word במכסת
  12. ResponseThe repeated verse makes the rule essential
  13. Statementרבי: תכוסו means 'slaughter'
  14. QuestionWhat is the source for 'not for its eaters'?
  15. ResponseEaters are linked to registered members