Pesachim 71b

פסחים ע״א ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 71b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 71b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The eating time of the חגיגת ארבעה עשר, and when someone who slaughters a פסח on שבת with a wrong intent or a hidden problem must bring a חטאת.

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a ברייתא about the חגיגת ארבעה עשר, the festival שלמים brought with the קרבן פסח. The ברייתא proves that this חגיגה may be eaten for two days and one night, first from the extra word 'לבקר' and then from the verse 'אם נדר או נדבה'. The גמרא asks why a second proof was needed. It explains that the ברייתא was considering a new reading: two separate חגיגות, each eaten for only a day and a night. That reading fails because it leaves 'אם נדר או נדבה' with no job. So that verse is assigned to the 15th's חגיגה, and the other verse teaches that the 14th's חגיגה also lasts two days and one night. The גמרא then concludes that a plain 'בקר' always means the first morning. A new משנה follows about slaughtering a פסח on שבת with the wrong intent. It includes a debate between רבי אליעזר and רבי יהושע about other offerings slaughtered as a פסח, and רבי מאיר's report of how far רבי יהושע's exemption reaches. The משנה ends with cases of wrong owners, blemishes and hidden טריפות, exempting a slaughterer who acted ברשות.

Opening lines

The steps (21)

1. StatementThe fourteenth's חגיגה is eaten for two days and one night
2. QuestionMaybe it is only one day and one night
3. ResponseThe extra word 'until the morning' points to the second morning
4. ChallengeMaybe this חגיגה is an exception to the usual rule
5. ResolutionProof from 'if it is a vow or a free-will offering'
6. ChallengeWhy raise 'the first morning' after the verse already proved the second morning?
7. ResolutionThe suggestion was really about two different חגיגות
8. ChallengeWhich offering could 'vow or free-will offering' refer to?
9. ConclusionThe 14th's חגיגה lasts two days and one night
10. ConclusionAn unspecified 'morning' means the first morning
11. StatementNew משנה: a פסח slaughtered for the wrong purpose on שבת
12. StatementOther offerings slaughtered on שבת as a פסח
13. Proofרבי אליעזר's logical argument for liability
14. Rejectionרבי יהושע rejects the comparison
15. Proofרבי אליעזר brings proof from communal offerings
16. Rejectionרבי יהושע rejects the proof: communal offerings have a fixed number
17. Statementרבי מאיר: even for the sake of communal offerings he is exempt
18. StatementA פסח slaughtered only for people who cannot eat it
19. StatementA פסח slaughtered for a mix of fit and unfit people
20. StatementVisible blemish makes him liable, hidden defect makes him exempt
21. StatementOwners withdrew, died, or became impure: exempt because he slaughtered with permission