Pesachim 72b

פסחים ע״ב ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 72b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 72b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

When an error on שבת is excused because שבת 'stands to be overridden' (נתנה שבת לדחות): applying the מילה case to קרבן ציבור, רב אשי's challenge, and opening a new question on the משנה about other זבחים slaughtered לשם פסח

Overview

This amud opens by finishing an explanation of the מילה case: a mistake on שבת is excused only if שבת was set to be overridden for this particular person, and רב כהנא defends this against רב אשי's challenge. The גמרא then shows that our משנה, which divides between animals fit and unfit for a פסח, follows רבי שמעון, while רבי מאיר exempts in every case. It explores how far רבי מאיר goes: he exempts even a calf of שלמים and even חולין, but not בעלי מומין. רב נחמן explains that he exempts if the person was busy with a קרבן or if the animal could easily be mixed up. Next, ריש לקיש rules that someone who ate נותר thinking it was roasted קרבן meat is liable. רבי יוחנן rules that relations with one's wife who is a נדה make a man liable, but with one's יבמה he is exempt, and the גמרא narrows the wife case step by step until the difference holds. The גמרא then searches for a תנא who agrees with רבי יוחנן, but each source (לולב, זבחים, babies, תרומה) is rejected because its מצוה is time-pressured. The תרומה case is also rejected because eating תרומה counts as עבודה. The amud ends with the story of רבי טרפון, which proves that eating תרומה is called עבודה; the פסוק comes on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (42)

1. ResolutionFirst clause versus last clause: was שבת set to be overridden?
2. ResolutionApplying the principle to communal offerings
3. Challengeרב אשי: שבת is overridden for babies in general
4. Resolutionרב כהנא: for this particular man, it was not given
5. StatementQuoting the משנה on other offerings slaughtered for a פסח
6. QuestionWhich תנא distinguishes between fit and unfit?
7. ResponseOur משנה follows רבי שמעון
8. Statementרבי מאיר exempts even for a calf
9. Challengeרבי זירא challenges from blemished animals
10. ResolutionA calf keeps him busy, blemished animals do not
11. Questionרבא asks about unconsecrated animals
12. Responseרבי מאיר exempts even unconsecrated animals
13. ChallengeChallenge again from blemished animals
14. ResolutionUnconsecrated animals can be confused, blemished ones cannot
15. ChallengeIs the reason really a mix-up, or is it being busy?
16. ResolutionTwo separate reasons, and either one is enough
17. StatementEating נותר by mistake in place of roasted meat makes one liable
18. Statementרבי יוחנן: liable with one's wife, exempt with one's יבמה
19. StatementFirst version: in the spit case he is surely liable
20. StatementSecond version: in the spit case he is exempt
21. ChallengeWhy is the יבמה different from the wife?
22. ResolutionThe wife is pregnant
23. ChallengeBut there is still the מצוה of עונה
24. ResolutionIt was not the time of her עונה
25. Challengeרבא's rule: pleasing one's wife is also a מצוה
26. ResolutionThe case was close to her expected period
27. ChallengeThen the sister-in-law case should be liable too
28. ResolutionHe is too shy to ask his sister-in-law
29. QuestionWhose opinion does רבי יוחנן follow?
30. ResponseSuggestion: רבי יוסי and the לולב on שבת
31. RejectionThe לולב case is different because of time pressure
32. ResponseSuggesting רבי יהושע's ruling on offerings
33. RejectionOfferings also have a pressing time
34. ResponseSuggesting רבי יהושע's ruling on babies
35. RejectionCircumcision also has a pressing time
36. ResponseSuggesting רבי יהושע's ruling on תרומה
37. RejectionEven the תרומה case may involve time pressure
38. RejectionSecond rejection: תרומה counts as service, and service is validated
39. ProofSource that the Torah validates service by a disqualified כהן
40. QuestionWhere is eating תרומה called service?
41. ResponseStory of רבי טרפון missing the study hall
42. Challengeרבן גמליאל asks how there can be service today