Pesachim 91b

פסחים צ״א ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 91b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 91b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Women and the קרבן פסח on פסח ראשון and פסח שני, women's obligation in מצה, and the start of the משנה about an אונן eating the פסח.

Overview

This amud opens with the last word of the previous discussion, פריצותא. The גמרא then quotes a full ברייתא with three opinions about women and the קרבן פסח: may we slaughter for a woman alone, only let her join a group (טפילה), or not slaughter for her at all, on פסח ראשון and on פסח שני? The גמרא explains how רבי יהודה, רבי יוסי, and רבי שמעון each read the פסוקים, especially 'במכסת נפשות', 'האיש ההוא', and 'ככל חקת הפסח'. It then searches for the exact 'איש' verse רבי שמעון uses and settles on 'מאיש לפי אכלו', which teaches two laws. Next, after fixing its wording, the גמרא shows that רבי אלעזר's ruling about women and the two פסחים follows רבי יהודה. רבי יוחנן teaches that a פסח group should not be made up only of גרים. A ברייתא about פסח, מצה and מרור is reread so that it fits רבי אלעזר's rule that women are obligated to eat מצה by Torah law. Finally, a new משנה rules that an אונן may eat his קרבן פסח at night but not other קדשים, and begins a case that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (37)

1. ConclusionClosing word of the previous discussion: the concern of immorality
2. StatementThe full ברייתא: three opinions on women and the two פסחs
3. QuestionWhat is the basis of their disagreement?
4. Responseרבי יהודה: women are included on the first פסח
5. ChallengeChallenge: then women should be fully included on פסח שני too
6. ResolutionAnswer: 'that man shall bear his sin' excludes women on פסח שני
7. ChallengeChallenge: then women should not even join a group on פסח שני
8. ResolutionAnswer: 'like all the laws of the פסח' allows women to join a group
9. QuestionWhat is רבי יוסי's reason?
10. ResponseThe word 'נפש' includes women on both פסחים
11. ChallengeThen what does 'that man' exclude?
12. Resolution'Man' excludes a minor from כרת
13. Responseרבי שמעון: 'man' on ראשון excludes women
14. ChallengeThen women should not even join as טפילה
15. Resolution'במכסת נפשות' allows women as טפילה
16. ChallengeThen women should join as טפילה on שני too
17. ResolutionThe Torah excluded women on שני with 'האיש'
18. QuestionFrom what exactly does the verse exclude women?
19. ResponseIt must exclude women even from טפילה
20. QuestionWhich 'איש' verse did רבי שמעון mean?
21. RejectionNot 'ויקחו להם איש שה' — that verse teaches רבי יצחק's rule
22. ResponseA second suggested verse for רבי שמעון
23. ChallengeThat verse is needed for slaughtering for one person
24. ResolutionThe extra word 'איש' teaches a second law
25. QuestionWhose view is רבי אלעזר's rule about women?
26. ChallengeSomething optional cannot override שבת
27. ResolutionReorder the statement
28. ResponseIt follows רבי יהודה
29. StatementDo not form a פסח group made up only of converts
30. StatementA ברייתא on eating פסח, מצה and מרור
31. QuestionWhich food does the 'optional' line refer to?
32. ChallengeIt cannot refer to the פסח, because there is no פסח all seven days
33. ChallengeIf it refers to מצה and מרור, the end of the ברייתא is a problem
34. Challengeרבי אלעזר proves that women are obligated in מצה
35. ResolutionReread the ברייתא: רבי שמעון's line is only about the פסח
36. StatementA mourner may eat his Paschal lamb at night, but not other sacrificial food
37. StatementOpening a new case: one who hears about a relative's death