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Pesachim 93b

פסחים צ״ג ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 93b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

כרת for missing פסח ראשון and פסח שני, and the definition of דרך רחוקה

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a מחלוקת about which פסח carries כרת. רבי learns כרת for skipping פסח שני from a גזרה שוה on the word ״חטאו״, because he holds that the מגדף is the same as one who curses ה׳. רבי נתן reads ״כי״ as "because," so the כרת is for the first פסח, and he runs the same גזרה שוה in the other direction to teach כרת for cursing ה׳. רבי חנניא בן עקביא reads the verse so that כרת depends on also missing פסח שני. The גמרא then charts all four combinations of skipping on purpose or by accident on each פסח. A new משנה asks what counts as a דרך רחוקה: רבי עקיבא says from מודיעין and beyond, while רבי אליעזר says anywhere outside the עזרה, and רבי יוסי supports him from the dot over the ה. In the גמרא, עולא explains that מודיעין is 15 מיל away, the distance a person walks from sunrise to midday, so a traveler there cannot arrive by the time of שחיטה. רב יהודה instead measures by the time of eating. רבה challenges both views from the case of a טמא שרץ. עולא answers that the far-journey rule applies only to a טהור person, and his defense of רב יהודה continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

קָסָבַר: מְגַדֵּף הַיְינוּ

He holds: the blasphemer is the same as

מְבָרֵךְ הַשֵּׁם,

one who "blesses" (curses) the Name,

וּכְתִיב בִּמְבָרֵךְ אֶת הַשֵּׁם

and it is written about one who curses the Name

״וְנָשָׂא חֶטְאוֹ״.

"and he shall bear his sin."

The steps (28)

  1. Responseרבי's premise: the blasphemer and the one who curses ה׳ are the same
  2. Proofרבי's verbal link: "his sin" by פסח means כרת
  3. Statementרבי נתן reads ״כי״ as "because": the כרת is for the first פסח
  4. QuestionWhat does רבי נתן do with ״חטאו ישא״?
  5. Responseרבי נתן: the מגדף is a different sin
  6. Responseרבי נתן reverses the verbal link: from פסח to one who curses ה׳
  7. StatementA third reading: the כרת depends on the second פסח
  8. QuestionWhat does he do with ״חטאו ישא״?
  9. ResponseSame as רבי נתן: it teaches the punishment for cursing ה׳
  10. ConclusionThe cases where all opinions agree
  11. ConclusionThe disputed case: on purpose the first time, by accident the second
  12. ConclusionAccidental first, intentional second: only רבי says liable
  13. StatementNew משנה: רבי עקיבא defines a far journey as from מודיעין and beyond
  14. Statementרבי אליעזר: anywhere outside the עזרה counts as far
  15. Proofרבי יוסי supports רבי אליעזר from the dot over the ה
  16. Statementעולא: מודיעין is fifteen מיל from ירושלים
  17. ProofHow far a person walks in a day: the source of the 15
  18. Statementעולא's definition: too far to arrive by the time of שחיטה
  19. QuestionWhat is the source for 5 מיל between dawn and sunrise?
  20. ResponseThe verses about לוט leaving סדום
  21. Proofרבי חנינא measured the distance at 5 מיל
  22. Statementעולא's definition of a far journey, restated
  23. Statementרב יהודה: the measure is the time of eating
  24. Challengeרבה announces a difficulty for both views
  25. ChallengeChallenge to עולא from a טמא שרץ
  26. ChallengeChallenge to רב יהודה from a טמא שרץ
  27. Resolutionעולא says neither view is difficult
  28. ResolutionFar journey applies only to a pure person