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Pesachim 93a

פסחים צ״ג ע״א

Learn Pesachim 93a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 93a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Who brings פסח שני and what it is: הורצה for the traveler on a דרך רחוקה, whether women bring it, and the three-way dispute over כרת for skipping the first or second פסח.

Overview

The amud opens with the end of רבי עקיבא's comparison: a person on a דרך רחוקה is like a טמא. This was a challenge to רב נחמן, who holds that a פסח offered for the traveler counts (הורצה). רב נחמן answers that רבי עקיבא follows his own view that we do not slaughter for a טמא שרץ, a view רב נחמן rejects. A ברייתא then lists who brings פסח שני. After correcting its question, the ברייתא says the תורה names the traveler to exempt him from כרת, and this fits רב נחמן's view of הורצה. The גמרא resolves a contradiction about whether women bring פסח שני by assigning the two ברייתות to different תנאים. Next comes a three-way dispute about כרת. רבי holds that פסח שני is its own holiday. רבי נתן holds that it is only a make-up. רבי חנניא בן עקביא holds that it repairs the first. All three learn their view from one פסוק. The amud ends by asking how we know that חטאו ישא means כרת, and the answer comes on the next amud.

Opening lines

מָה טָמֵא,

Just as an impure person,

שֶׁסִּפֵּק בְּיָדוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת וְאֵינוֹ עוֹשֶׂה.

has the ability to do it, yet does not do it,

אַף דֶּרֶךְ רְחוֹקָה נָמֵי,

so too a distant journey,

שֶׁסִּפֵּק בְּיָדוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת וְאֵינוֹ עוֹשֶׂה!

is one who has the ability to do it, yet does not do it!

The steps (18)

  1. Challengeרבי עקיבא compares a distant traveler to an impure person
  2. Resolutionרב נחמן: רבי עקיבא follows his own view on a טמא שרץ
  3. ProofA ברייתא lists everyone who brings פסח שני
  4. QuestionThe ברייתא asks why impurity is mentioned
  5. ChallengeThe גמרא objects: the impurity case is obviously needed
  6. ResolutionCorrected reading: the דרך רחוקה is mentioned to exempt from כרת
  7. ConclusionThis fits the view that the offering is accepted
  8. ChallengeAre women really obligated in פסח שני?
  9. ResolutionThe two ברייתות follow different תנאים
  10. StatementThree opinions on כרת for skipping פסח ראשון or פסח שני
  11. Proofרבי and רבי נתן stay consistent: the גר and the קטן
  12. QuestionWhat is the root of their argument?
  13. Responseרבי: the second פסח is its own holiday
  14. Responseרבי נתן: the second פסח is only a make-up
  15. Responseרבי חנניא בן עקביא: the second פסח repairs the first
  16. StatementAll three learn from the same verse
  17. Statementרבי's reading of the verse
  18. QuestionHow do we know 'bear his sin' means כרת?