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Pesachim 96b

פסחים צ״ו ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 96b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

How long חמץ was forbidden in Egypt compared with later generations, and when the תמורה of a lost קרבן פסח is offered as a שלמים

Overview

The גמרא finishes explaining the previous משנה. It concludes that the קרבן פסח is eaten on one night, both in Egypt and in later generations. The difference is חמץ: it was forbidden for one day in Egypt and is forbidden for seven days in later generations. A new משנה follows. רבי יהושע heard two opposite rulings about the תמורה of a קרבן פסח, and רבי עקיבא explains them. If a lost פסח is found before the replacement is slaughtered, the animal and its תמורה graze until they get a מום, and their money buys a שלמים. If it is found after the slaughter, the animal and its תמורה are offered as שלמים. רבה and רבי זירא disagree whether the cutoff is the slaughter itself or חצות, and the גמרא shows the same disagreement among תנאים. רבא then rules on an animal found before the slaughter but exchanged after it. אביי challenges him from the ברייתא on ״אם כשב״, and the גמרא answers that the פסוק is only an אסמכתא and explains its true lessons. In a second version, רבא rules the opposite way about that same case, and אביי's challenge to that version continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

אֶלָּא אַחָמֵץ.

Rather, it refers to leavened bread.

מִכְּלָל דְּפֶסַח מִצְרַיִם

By inference, that the Passover of Egypt

לַיְלָה אֶחָד וְתוּ לָא?

was one night and no more?

וְהָתַנְיָא,

But wasn't it taught in a baraita:

The steps (26)

  1. Response'All seven days' refers to the חמץ prohibition
  2. ChallengeWas חמץ forbidden for only one night in Egypt?
  3. Challengeרבי יוסי הגלילי: חמץ in Egypt was forbidden for a full day
  4. ResolutionRereading the משנה: 'one night' is about eating, and חמץ lasted all day
  5. Statementרבי יהושע heard two opposite rulings about תמורת פסח
  6. Responseרבי עקיבא explains: a lost פסח found before the slaughter
  7. ResponseSecond case: the lost animal is found after the slaughter
  8. ChallengeWhy mention the תמורה at all?
  9. ResolutionThe wording teaches that some תמורה is never offered
  10. Statementרבה and רבי זירא disagree about the cutoff
  11. ChallengeThe משנה says 'slaughter,' not 'midday'
  12. ResolutionRead it as 'before the time of slaughter'
  13. StatementThe argument between the אמוראים matches an argument between תנאים
  14. Statementרבא limits when the substitute may be offered
  15. Challengeאביי cites a ברייתא that includes the תמורה as a שלמים
  16. ChallengeThe verse must be teaching the case רבא forbade
  17. ResolutionThe verse is only a supporting hint
  18. QuestionThen what is the verse for?
  19. ResponseThe word lamb includes the פסח for the fat tail
  20. ResponseLeftover פסח animals are full שלמים
  21. StatementA goat does not need its fat tail burned
  22. StatementA second version: the dispute is placed on the first clause of the משנה
  23. Statementרבא limits the משנה: an exchange made after the slaughter is offered as שלמים
  24. QuestionWhat is רבא's reason?
  25. ResponseThe slaughter only fixes the status of an animal that could be a פסח
  26. Challengeאביי challenges רבא from the ברייתא on ״אם כשב״