Gemara Clarity

Pesachim 98a

פסחים צ״ח ע״א

Learn Pesachim 98a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 98a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

A פסח whose owner died, the three rules of דחוי, and a פסח mixed with other קרבנות

Overview

This amud opens with the last line of a משנה: if a man set aside his קרבן פסח and then died, his son brings it as a שלמים, not as a פסח. The גמרא first quotes רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע, who learns three rules about דחוי from the משנה's earlier case of an unfit animal set aside as a פסח. A ברייתא then adds detail. If the son was registered on the פסח, he brings it as a פסח. If not, he brings it as a שלמים on the 16th, because this ברייתא holds that נדרים ונדבות are not offered on יום טוב. The גמרא asks when the father died, and shows that both 'before חצות' and 'after חצות' seem to clash with one clause of the ברייתא. Five אמוראים answer: רבא (פסח שני), אביי (two separate cases), רב שרביא (the father was a גוסס), רב אשי (רבי שמעון's view), and רבינא (the animal was set aside after חצות). A new משנה then rules on a פסח mixed with other קרבנות. All the animals graze until blemished and are sold, and the owner pays for replacements at the value of the best animal. If the פסח was mixed with בכורות, רבי שמעון lets a group of כהנים eat them all. The discussion of this case continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

הַמַּפְרִישׁ פִּסְחוֹ וּמֵת,

One who sets aside his Pesach offering and dies,

לֹא יְבִיאֶנּוּ בְּנוֹ אַחֲרָיו

his son may not bring it after him

לְשֵׁם פֶּסַח

as a Pesach offering

אֶלָּא לְשֵׁם שְׁלָמִים.

but rather as a peace-offering.

The steps (15)

  1. StatementThe owner of a פסח animal died
  2. StatementThree lessons from the משנה, beginning with living animals
  3. StatementRejected from the start still counts
  4. StatementRejection applies even to monetary holiness
  5. StatementA ברייתא adds detail: was the son registered?
  6. ConclusionWhy the 16th? No voluntary offerings on יום טוב
  7. ChallengeIf the father died before midday, how can the son bring a Pesach?
  8. ChallengeIf the father died after midday, how can it become a שלמים?
  9. Resolutionרבא: He died before midday, and the son brings it on פסח שני
  10. Resolutionאביי: The ברייתא describes two separate cases
  11. Resolutionרב שרביא: the father was dying at midday
  12. Resolutionרב אשי: the ברייתא follows רבי שמעון
  13. Resolutionרבינא: the animal was set aside after midday
  14. StatementNew משנה: a פסח mixed with other offerings
  15. StatementA פסח mixed with בכורות can be eaten by a group of כהנים