Rosh Hashanah 32a
ראש השנה ל״ב ע״א
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Topic
The ברכות of the ראש השנה מוסף: their order, their sources, where the שופר is blown, and how many and which פסוקים are said
Overview
This amud opens with the last words of the earlier discussion about the תקנות of רבן יוחנן בן זכאי. Then a new משנה sets out the order of the nine ברכות in the ראש השנה מוסף. רבי יוחנן בן נורי puts מלכיות with קדושת השם, with no שופר blowing. רבי עקיבא puts it with קדושת היום and blows for it. A ברייתא gives sources from תהלים and ויקרא for the ברכות, and argues about where מלכיות comes from and which ברכה holds קדושת היום. A story from אושא shows which practice was used in יבנה, and the גמרא explains what רבן שמעון בן גמליאל agreed to and what 'the second day' means. A second משנה requires ten פסוקים for each of מלכיות, זכרונות and שופרות. The גמרא explains where the number ten comes from, and shows that רבי יוחנן בן נורי's minimum of three means three in total for each ברכה. The הלכה follows him. A third משנה begins: no פסוקים about punishment, and the פסוקים start with the תורה and end with the נביאים.
Opening lines
וְקַבְעֵיהּ רַבֵּיהּ בִּשְׁמֵיהּ.
And his teacher established it in his name.
מַתְנִי׳
MISHNA:
סֵדֶר בְּרָכוֹת:
The order of the blessings:
אוֹמֵר אָבוֹת וּגְבוּרוֹת
One recites Patriarchs and Mighty Deeds
The steps (41)
- ConclusionClosing the previous discussion: his teacher fixed the student's תקנה in the student's name
- StatementThe order of the מוסף ברכות according to רבי יוחנן בן נורי
- Challengeרבי עקיבא asks: why mention מלכיות if you don't blow for it?
- Statementרבי עקיבא's order: מלכיות goes with קדושת היום, and the שופר is blown
- ChallengeThe גמרא questions רבי עקיבא's challenge
- Resolutionרבי עקיבא meant: why ten verses?
- StatementVerses behind the first three blessings
- Statementרבי אליעזר's source for the special ראש השנה ברכות
- Challengeרבי עקיבא questions רבי אליעזר's matching
- Statementרבי עקיבא's own reading of the verse
- QuestionWhat is the source for saying מלכיות?
- Responseרבי learns מלכיות from 'I am ה׳ your God'
- Statementרבי יוסי בר יהודה brings a different source that ties מלכיות to זכרונות
- QuestionWhich ברכה holds קדושת היום?
- Responseרבי: קדושת היום goes with מלכיות in the fourth ברכה
- Statementרבן שמעון בן גמליאל: קדושת היום goes with זכרונות in the middle
- StatementIn אושא, a חזן follows רבי יוחנן בן נורי and is told it was not done that way
- StatementA second prayer leader follows רבי עקיבא and is approved
- ChallengeHow can רבן שמעון בן גמליאל approve of רבי עקיבא's way?
- Resolutionרבי זירא: he only agreed about blowing שופר for מלכיות
- QuestionWhat does 'on the second day' mean?
- ChallengeIt cannot mean the second day of יום טוב, because אלול was never made full
- Resolutionרב חסדא: 'second' means ראש השנה of the next year
- Statementמשנה: ten פסוקים for each of מלכיות, זכרונות and שופרות
- QuestionWhat do the ten verses stand for?
- Responseרבי: the ten praises of דוד
- ChallengeBut תהלים has many more praises
- ResolutionThe praises in the chapter of 'הללוהו בתקע שופר'
- Responseרב יוסף: the עשרת הדברות
- Responseרבי יוחנן: the ten sayings of Creation
- QuestionWhich are the ten sayings?
- ResponseThe times it says 'ויאמר'
- ChallengeBut there are only nine 'ויאמר's
- Resolution'בראשית' itself counts as a saying
- StatementQuoting רבי יוחנן בן נורי: three of each
- QuestionDoes 'three' mean nine verses or three verses?
- ProofBringing a ברייתא that allows seven verses for each blessing
- ResponseThree verses in total, matching three groups
- ConclusionThe halacha follows רבי יוחנן בן נורי
- StatementNew משנה: no verses about punishment
- StatementBegin with the תורה, finish with the נביאים