Rosh Hashanah 32b

ראש השנה ל״ב ע״ב

Learn Rosh Hashanah 32b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Rosh Hashanah 32b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The verses of מלכיות, זכרונות and שופרות; who blows the שופר and who says הלל; and not breaking יום טוב rules for a שופר

Overview

The גמרא explains which פסוקים may not be used in מלכיות, זכרונות and שופרות on ראש השנה. Verses about punishment of ישראל are left out, but verses about punishment of the nations may be said. A זכרון of a single person is not used, even when it asks for good. רבי יוסי and רבי יהודה then argue about which verses count and how many: 'revisiting' verses, the 'King of glory' passages, and verses that mention תרועה. Next the גמרא explains רבי יוסי's view that the ten פסוקים should end with a תורה verse. It shows he has enough תורה verses of מלכות because he counts שמע ישראל and similar פסוקים. A new משנה says the שופר is blown under the מוסף leader and הלל is led by the שחרית leader. רבי יוחנן explains this comes from a time of persecution, and רבי אבהו explains why ראש השנה has no הלל. Finally, a משנה teaches that יום טוב rules may not be broken to get a שופר, and the גמרא explains why.

Opening lines

The steps (41)

1. StatementExample of a Kingship verse of punishment
2. ResolutionWhy the verse is excluded even though רב נחמן saw it as hopeful
3. StatementExamples of זכרונות and שופרות verses of punishment
4. StatementVerses about punishment of the nations are allowed
5. StatementExamples of allowed verses about the nations
6. StatementNo verses about remembering an individual
7. StatementDo 'revisiting' verses count as remembrance verses?
8. ChallengeBut שרה's verse is about only one person
9. Resolutionשרה counts like many people
10. StatementHow many kingship verses are in 'Lift up your heads, O gates'
11. Statementרבי יהודה's smaller count
12. StatementDoes 'Sing praises to our King' count as two kingship verses or one?
13. StatementBoth agree that 'God reigns over the nations' counts as one verse
14. StatementA remembrance verse that also mentions תרועה
15. StatementA kingship verse that also mentions תרועה
16. StatementA verse that mentions only תרועה and nothing else
17. StatementThe משנה: begin with the תורה and end with a נביא
18. StatementReading רבי יוסי's words as 'only after the fact'
19. ChallengeA ברייתא says ending with the תורה is praiseworthy
20. ResolutionRead the משנה as 'he concludes'
21. ChallengeBut the משנה clearly says 'if he concluded'
22. ResolutionRereading the whole משנה
23. ProofThe ותיקין used to end with the תורה
24. Challengeמלכיות doesn't have enough תורה verses
25. Resolutionרבי יוסי counts שמע ישראל as a מלכות verse
26. ProofMore verses רבי יוסי counts as Kingship
27. Statementמשנה: the second leader handles the שופר, the first leads הלל
28. QuestionWhy does the second leader do the שופר?
29. ChallengeThen הלל should also go to the second leader
30. QuestionMaybe Hallel is first because of doing מצוות early
31. ChallengeThen the שופר should also go to the first leader
32. Resolutionרבי יוחנן: The Rule Comes From a Time of Persecution
33. StatementInference: No הלל on ראש השנה
34. QuestionWhy Is There No הלל on ראש השנה?
35. ResponseA Day of Judgment Is Not a Time for Song
36. StatementNew משנה: יום טוב Rules Are Not Broken to Get a שופר
37. StatementChildren May Practice; Blowing Without Intent Does Not Count
38. QuestionWhy can't שופר override יום טוב?
39. Responseיום טוב has both an עשה and a לא תעשה
40. ChallengeWhy list Torah prohibitions after rabbinic ones?
41. Resolution'This, and no need to say that'