Shabbos 105b

שבת ק״ה ע״ב

Shabbat 105b

Learn Shabbos 105b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Tearing on שבת in anger or over the dead (מקלקל vs. מתקן), and the importance of mourning a חכם or אדם כשר

Overview

This עמוד opens with the last line of the previous סוגיא, then quotes a new משנה. The משנה says that tearing in anger or over one's dead is פטור, because every מקלקל is פטור, but damaging in order to fix is judged like fixing. It also gives the minimum שיעורים for several textile labors. The גמרא sets a ברייתא that calls such tearing חייב against the משנה. For tearing over the dead, it narrows the משנה's case step by step. The case becomes a relative one need not mourn, who is not a חכם or an אדם כשר, and whose death one did not witness. For tearing in anger, the משנה follows רבי שמעון and the ברייתא follows רבי יהודה on מלאכה שאינה צריכה לגופה. רבי אבין explains that calming one's anger makes the act constructive. The case is then limited to a controlled show of anger meant to discipline one's household, since real rage is compared to עבודה זרה. The עמוד ends with teachings on the reward for crying over an אדם כשר and the punishment for neglecting a חכם's הספד. A new statement of רבי יוחנן about a brother who died begins and continues on the next עמוד.

Opening lines

The steps (33)

1. ResolutionFinishing the previous discussion: a pouch-like bulge
2. StatementThe משנה: destructive acts are exempt, but damaging in order to fix is not
3. StatementThe משנה: minimum amounts for whitening, combing, dyeing, spinning and weaving
4. ChallengeA ברייתא says tearing over the dead makes one liable
5. ResolutionAnswer: one's own dead versus someone else's dead
6. ChallengeBut the משנה says "his dead"
7. ResolutionHis own dead, but a relative he does not have to mourn
8. ChallengeBut if the dead person is a חכם, everyone must tear
9. ChallengeCan everyone really be his relative?
10. ResolutionCorrected reading: everyone is like his relatives
11. ResolutionThe משנה is about someone who is not a חכם
12. ChallengeTearing over an upright person is an obligation
13. ChallengeDo children die as a pledge?
14. ResolutionCorrected reading: because he did not mourn
15. ResolutionThe משנה speaks of someone not upright
16. ChallengePresent at the moment of death requires tearing
17. ResolutionThe משנה speaks of someone not present at death
18. ChallengeThe anger contradiction still stands
19. ResolutionA dispute between רבי יהודה and רבי שמעון
20. ChallengeDoes רבי יהודה say this even for a destructive act?
21. ResolutionTearing in anger calms him, so it is constructive
22. ChallengeIs tearing in anger even permitted?
23. ProofThe verse behind the ברייתא: the strange god inside you
24. ResolutionTearing done deliberately to make the household afraid
25. ProofStories of sages who staged small acts of anger
26. StatementGod counts and stores tears shed for a righteous person
27. StatementBeing lazy in eulogizing a sage deserves death
28. StatementNeglecting a sage's eulogy shortens one's life
29. ChallengeThe elders who neglected יהושע still lived long
30. ResolutionThey lengthened days, not years
31. ChallengeDoes the blessing of long life also mean only days?
32. ResolutionA blessing is read generously
33. StatementA new teaching begins about a brother who died