Gemara Clarity

Shabbos 114a

שבת קי״ד ע״א

Shabbat 114a

Learn Shabbos 114a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 114a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The dignity and definition of a תלמיד חכם, stains as a barrier in טבילה, and offering שבת fats on יום הכיפורים or יום טוב

Overview

This amud is about how a תלמיד חכם should look and what makes someone a real תלמיד חכם. It opens with a source in the תורה that changing clothes shows respect: the כהן changes before taking out the ashes, which דבי רבי ישמעאל call דרך ארץ. Then רבי יוחנן teaches that patched shoes (only a patch on a patch) and stained clothes are a disgrace for a scholar, because he makes the תורה look bad. A משנה about a grease stain as a barrier in טבילה leads ריש לקיש to ask about a saddle. רבי חנינא answers from רבי יוסי, who says the clothes of בנאין count even with a stain on one side. רבי יוחנן says בנאין are תלמידי חכמים, and the גמרא adds his definitions of a scholar: one trusted to identify lost items by sight, one fit to lead, and one whose town must support him. ריש לקיש instead says בנאין are overseas bath attendants, and the גמרא settles a question about the color of their clothes. Finally, the גמרא turns to רבי ישמעאל's view in the משנה: רבי ישמעאל and רבי עקיבא argue whether fats from שבת offerings may be burned on a following יום הכיפורים or a following יום טוב. רבי זירא's comment begins at the end and continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

מִנַּיִין לְשִׁנּוּי בְּגָדִים מִן הַתּוֹרָה,

From where do we derive changing clothes from the Torah?

שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וּפָשַׁט אֶת בְּגָדָיו

As it is said: 'And he shall take off his garments'

וְלָבַשׁ בְּגָדִים אֲחֵרִים״,

'and put on other garments'

וְתָנָא דְּבֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל,

And the school of Rabbi Yishmael taught:

The steps (28)

  1. QuestionWhere does the תורה show that changing clothes is respectful?
  2. ResponseThe כהן changes his clothes before removing the ashes
  3. StatementThe lesson: don't serve your master in your cooking clothes
  4. StatementA תלמיד חכם should not go to the market in patched shoes
  5. ChallengeBut רבי אחא בר חנינא did go out that way
  6. ResolutionOnly a patch on top of a patch is a disgrace
  7. StatementA scholar with a stain on his clothes deserves death
  8. Statementרבינא: the word was רבד, not רבב
  9. ResolutionNo real dispute: outer cloak versus undergarment
  10. Statementישעיהו's 'naked and barefoot' means worn clothes and patched shoes
  11. StatementThe משנה on a stain as a barrier in immersion
  12. QuestionDoes a saddle need the stain on one side or both?
  13. ResponseA saddle is no more important than an ignorant person's garment
  14. QuestionWho are the 'builders'?
  15. ResponseThe builders are תלמידי חכמים
  16. StatementA scholar trusted to identify his lost item by sight
  17. StatementA scholar fit to lead the community
  18. StatementA scholar whose town must help him
  19. StatementThe duty is limited to providing his bread
  20. StatementThe basic definition of a תלמיד חכם
  21. QuestionWhat practical difference does this definition make?
  22. ResponseLocal leader or head of the ישיבה
  23. Statementריש לקיש identifies the garments as bath attendants' clothes
  24. Challengeרבי ינאי's burial request suggests these clothes are red
  25. ResolutionOuter garments versus inner garments
  26. Statementרבי ישמעאל: שבת fats may be offered on יום הכיפורים
  27. Statementרבי עקיבא: שבת fats may be offered on יום טוב, not יום הכיפורים
  28. StatementThe root of the dispute: נדרים ונדבות on יום טוב