Shabbos 122b

שבת קכ״ב ע״ב

Shabbat 122b

Learn Shabbos 122b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 122b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

End of פרק כל כתבי (a גוי's light on שבת), and the start of פרק כל הכלים (moving כלים, their doors, and work tools on שבת)

Overview

The amud opens by finishing the topic of light that a גוי lit on שבת. A lamp lit at a mixed gathering is lit for the majority, and שמואל turned back toward a lamp once he saw that the גוי had lit it for himself. After the הדרן for פרק כל כתבי, a new chapter begins with a משנה: all כלים and their doors may be moved on שבת, and work tools may be taken for permitted uses with food or for a child. The גמרא first asks whether doors that came off on שבת or on a weekday are the harder case. אביי rereads the משנה as speaking about doors that came off during the week. A ברייתא then allows removing a chest door but not putting it back. אביי and רבא argue about whether בנין and סתירה apply to כלים, and רבא concludes that putting the door back is forbidden only because of a גזירה שמא יתקע. Finally, רב יהודה and רבה argue about which hammer the משנה means, which raises the question of moving a כלי שמלאכתו לאיסור. רבה's reasoning continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (20)

1. ResolutionA lamp at a gathering is lit for the majority
2. Statementשמואל turns away from a lamp lit by a non-Jew
3. Conclusionשמואל turns back once he sees the non-Jew lit it for himself
4. Conclusionהדרן — Closing the chapter כל כתבי
5. StatementAll vessels and their doors may be moved on שבת
6. StatementMoving work tools to use on food
7. StatementMore examples of tools used in unusual ways
8. StatementThe גמרא reads an implication from the משנה
9. ChallengeChallenge: the weekday case should be harder
10. Resolutionאביי rereads the משנה: parts that came apart during the week
11. StatementA ברייתא on removing and replacing doors of chests and chicken coops
12. ChallengeThe coop ruling makes sense, but what about the chest, box, and closet?
13. ChallengeBuilding and taking apart should go together for vessels
14. Resolutionאביי rereads the ברייתא as talking about doors that already came off
15. Challengeרבא gives two textual objections to אביי's reading
16. Resolutionרבא: no building or taking apart with vessels, and returning is a rabbinic decree
17. Statementרב יהודה limits the hammer in the משנה to a nut-hammer
18. StatementWhy רב יהודה forbids the blacksmith's hammer
19. Challengeרבה challenges רב יהודה from the end of the משנה
20. Resolutionרבה's reading: a blacksmith's hammer used to crack nuts