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Shabbos 124a

שבת קכ״ד ע״א

Shabbat 124a

Learn Shabbos 124a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 124a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

מוקצה of כלים: רבה's rereading of the early sources, the משנה of לצורך ושלא לצורך, and גזירה יום טוב אטו שבת

Overview

This amud first finishes the list of sources (the poles, the thick-headed bolt, the mortar) that seemed to show some מוקצה rules came from before התרת כלים. רבה then argues that each source has its own reason. The rods and poles were not needed, the bolt is about carrying without an עירוב, and the mortar follows רבי נחמיה. Next comes a new משנה: the תנא קמא lets כלים be moved 'לצורך ושלא לצורך,' but רבי נחמיה allows only 'לצורך.' רבה defines these terms by the kind of item and the reason for moving it, using צורך גופו and צורך מקומו. רבא rejects that and gives his own definition, in which 'שלא לצורך' means even moving an item from sun to shade. The bowls question against רבה is answered by comparing dirty bowls to a chamber pot. אביי's challenges to רבא from the mortar, the pestle, and the firewood are answered with sun-to-shade, a decree on יום טוב because of שבת, and the rule that only a real כלי can be moved. Finally, two משניות clash over whether we decree יום טוב because of שבת. רב יוסף's answer is rejected, and רב פפא starts a new answer from בית שמאי and בית הלל that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

יָדוֹ עַל כֶּתֶף חֲבֵירוֹ

his hand on the shoulder of his friend

וְיַד חֲבֵירוֹ עַל כְּתֵיפוֹ,

and his friend's hand on his shoulder,

וְתוֹלֶה וּמַפְשִׁיט.

and he hangs [the lamb] and flays it.

גְּלוֹסְטְרָא — דִּתְנַן:

The thick end, as we learned in a Mishnah:

The steps (32)

  1. ProofEnd of the poles source: flaying the lamb using a friend's shoulder
  2. ProofThe source for the thick-headed bolt
  3. ProofThe mortar source was already cited
  4. Rejectionרבה questions the whole proof
  5. RejectionWhy the showbread rods were not moved
  6. RejectionWhy the poles were not used
  7. RejectionThe bolt dispute is really about carrying in a courtyard
  8. RejectionThe mortar source follows רבי נחמיה
  9. Statementמשנה: vessels moved with or without a purpose
  10. QuestionWhat do the two terms mean?
  11. Responseרבה defines the terms
  12. Challengeרבא: needing the spot is a real purpose
  13. Responseרבא gives his own explanation of the terms
  14. QuestionHow are empty bowls moved according to רבה's reading of רבי נחמיה?
  15. Responseרב ספרא: Dirty bowls are like a chamber pot
  16. Questionאביי asks רבה the same question
  17. Responseרבה cites רב ספרא's chamber pot answer
  18. Challengeאביי challenges רבא from the mortar
  19. ResolutionThe mortar case is moving it from sun to shade
  20. Challengeאביי challenges רבא from the pestle used for cutting meat
  21. ResolutionHere too it means moving from sun to shade
  22. ChallengeA משנה forbids propping a pot with a piece of wood
  23. ResolutionThe wood is forbidden as a decree because of שבת
  24. ChallengeBut even on שבת it should be allowed
  25. ResolutionThe leniency applies only to real vessels
  26. ChallengeDo we really decree on יום טוב because of שבת?
  27. ChallengeA second משנה suggests we do decree
  28. Resolutionרב יוסף: The Two משניות Follow Two Different תנאים
  29. ProofThe ברייתא of the Mother and Offspring in the Pit
  30. Rejectionרבי אליעזר May Be Strict Only Because Feeding Is Possible
  31. Rejectionרבי יהושע May Be Lenient Only Because a Trick Is Available
  32. Resolutionרב פפא: The משניות Follow בית שמאי and בית הלל