Shabbos 124b

שבת קכ״ד ע״ב

Shabbat 124b

Learn Shabbos 124b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Moving objects on שבת and יום טוב: טלטול for a purpose (לצורך גופו, לצורך מקומו, מחמה לצל), and when broken pieces and leftover items count as מוקצה

Overview

This amud is about moving objects on שבת and יום טוב. First, the גמרא uses the view of בית שמאי to show that the ban on טלטול grows out of the ban on הוצאה. It then shows that רב agrees with רבא: a כלי שמלאכתו לאיסור may be moved for its own use (לצורך גופו) or for its spot (לצורך מקומו), but not just to protect it. The stories of רב כהנא's net, רב מרי's cushions, and the palm brooms all test this rule. Next, a new משנה rules that shards of כלים may be moved if they are still useful. רבי יהודה requires that the use be similar to the original one. שמואל's explanation of the משנה is challenged from a ברייתא about burning shards on יום טוב, and it is restated as a dispute over whether shards broken on שבת are מוכן or נולד. The amud ends with rulings on leftover bricks, small shards in different areas, and a broken jug seal. It closes with רב פפא's challenge to the rule about objects thrown into the garbage, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (35)

1. ProofThe משנה about carrying a child, a לולב, and a ספר תורה
2. RejectionMaybe carrying out and moving are different
3. ResolutionMoving is forbidden because of carrying out
4. Proofרב also agrees with רבא: the case of the hoe
5. ProofReading רב's words: use of the object or its spot is allowed
6. ChallengeChallenge: רב had a net brought for רב כהנא to sit on
7. ChallengeThe inference: use of the object yes, its spot no
8. ResolutionWhat רב really said: remove the net from before כהנא
9. ResolutionSecond answer: the net was in the sun
10. Statementרב מרי asks רבא about cushions in the sun
11. Challengeרב מרי says he does not need these cushions
12. Conclusionרבא: since you hold like רבה, it is forbidden for you
13. Statementרב: wool brooms may be moved, palm brooms may not
14. Statementרבי אלעזר: even palm brooms may be moved
15. QuestionWhich case? Not for its use or its space
16. ChallengeIf it is from sun to shade, how can רבי אלעזר permit?
17. ResolutionFix the text: רבי אלעזר agrees with רב
18. StatementBroken pieces may be moved if they are still useful
19. Statementרבי יהודה requires a use similar to the original
20. Statementשמואל: the argument is only about כלים broken before שבת
21. Statementשמואל: Shards broken on שבת are permitted by everyone
22. Challengeרב זוטרא cites a ברייתא: burn whole vessels, not shards
23. ChallengeProving the ברייתא means shards broken on יום טוב
24. ResolutionA new version of שמואל: the dispute is about shards broken on שבת
25. ChallengeThree teachings that disagree about burning כלים on יום טוב
26. ResolutionEach teaching follows a different תנא
27. StatementLeftover bricks may be moved unless they were stacked
28. Statementשמואל: a small shard may be moved in a courtyard only
29. Statementרב נחמן: even in a כרמלית, but not in the public domain
30. Statementרבא: even in the public domain
31. Proofרבא's servant wipes his shoe with a street shard
32. Resolutionרבא defends using the shard
33. StatementA broken jug seal may be moved on שבת
34. ProofA ברייתא supports שמואל and adds limits
35. Challengeרב פפא challenges the garbage-dump rule