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Shabbos 145a

שבת קמ״ה ע״א

Shabbat 145a

Learn Shabbos 145a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 145a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Juice squeezed into food (משקה הבא לאוכל), liquid going to waste, and which kinds of squeezing are forbidden on שבת

Overview

The גמרא asks whether juice squeezed from fruit straight into food counts as 'food' or as 'liquid' (משקה הבא לאוכל). This matters because only liquid can make food able to become impure. A משנה about an impure person squeezing grapes seems to show the juice is liquid, but the משנה is explained as squeezing into an empty bowl. רבי ירמיה links the question to a dispute between תנאים about smoothing bread with grapes. רב פפא instead says that dispute is about liquid that goes to waste, and he links it to a ברייתא about cutting olives. רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע then separates the two cases. Next, רב rules that on שבת one may squeeze grapes into a pot of food but not into a bowl, and fish for brine even into a bowl. רב דימי confirms to אביי that this ruling comes from רב, not שמואל. The גמרא then quotes the three-way dispute of רב, שמואל and רבי יוחנן about squeezing pickled and boiled vegetables, and shows how each of them reads a challenging ברייתא. It ends with רב's rule that by Torah law only treading olives and grapes makes one liable, and begins a teaching about hearsay testimony that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

כְּבֵיצָה מְכֻוֶּונֶת — טָהוֹר.

Exactly an egg-volume: the juice is pure.

הָא יוֹתֵר מִכְּבֵיצָה — טָמֵא,

This implies that more than an egg-volume makes the juice impure.

וְאִי אָמְרַתְּ

And if you say

״מַשְׁקֶה הַבָּא לְאוֹכֶל — אוֹכֶל הוּא״,

that liquid that comes into food is food,

The steps (24)

  1. ProofEnd of the משנה: exactly an egg-volume stays pure, more becomes impure
  2. ChallengeIf the juice counts as food, how was it ever made susceptible?
  3. ResolutionAnswer: he squeezed into an empty bowl
  4. Statementרבי ירמיה: this question is a dispute between תנאים
  5. Proofרבי ירמיה: they argue whether juice going into food counts as food
  6. Rejectionרב פפא: everyone agrees it is not food; they argue about liquid going to waste
  7. Proofרב פפא's dispute also appears in a ברייתא about cutting olives
  8. ProofThe olive dispute is about liquid going to waste
  9. RejectionThe bread case and the olive case are different arguments
  10. StatementSqueezing grapes into a pot but not a bowl, and fish for brine
  11. Challengeאביי says the rule is hard if it comes from שמואל
  12. Proofרב and שמואל on squeezing pickled and boiled vegetables
  13. Resolutionרב דימי swears his tradition comes from רב
  14. Statementרב's full ruling on pickled and boiled vegetables
  15. Statementשמואל treats pickled and boiled vegetables the same
  16. Statementרבי יוחנן: squeezing for liquid brings a sin-offering
  17. ChallengeA ברייתא seems to challenge all three opinions
  18. ResolutionEach אמורא explains the ברייתא his own way
  19. ResolutionHow רב reads the ברייתא
  20. Resolutionשמואל reads the ברייתא to fit his view
  21. Resolutionרבי יוחנן reads the ברייתא to fit his view
  22. StatementBy Torah law, a person is חייב only for treading olives and grapes
  23. ProofA ברייתא from the school of מנשה says the same
  24. StatementA new teaching from the school of מנשה about a hearsay witness