Shabbos 144b

שבת קמ״ד ע״ב

Shabbat 144b

Learn Shabbos 144b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Squeezing on שבת: which juices count as a liquid, whether one person's habit or intent matters, and whether a liquid that goes into food counts as food

Overview

The amud opens with the end of a ברייתא. It allows squeezing plums, quinces, and crab apples on שבת, but not pomegranates, because the household of מנשיא בר מנחם squeezed pomegranates. The גמרא shows that this ברייתא fits the חכמים, since fruits not normally squeezed may be squeezed even לכתחילה. רב נחמן rules like the household of מנשיא בר מנחם. רבא objects that one family is not most of the world. A proof from thorns grown in ערביא is rejected, because a whole country differs from one family. The גמרא then suggests that once a person treats a juice as important it counts as a liquid, based on רב חסדא's ruling about beet juice in a מקוה. רב פפא explains that ruling differently, and a parallel argument follows about whether מוחל (olive discharge) is a liquid. Next, שמואל allows squeezing grapes into a pot of food but not into an empty bowl, and רב חסדא applies this to milking a goat: a liquid that goes into food counts as food. רמי בר חמא challenges this rule from a זב who milks a goat, and the challenge is answered. רבינא then begins a new challenge that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (26)

1. ProofEnd of the ברייתא: some fruits may be squeezed, but not pomegranates
2. ChallengeMaybe this ברייתא follows רבי יהודה
3. ResolutionEven רבי יהודה only permitted juice that came out on its own
4. ResolutionThe same reason works for the חכמים
5. ConclusionConclusion: the ברייתא follows the חכמים
6. Statementרב נחמן rules like the household of מנשיא בר מנחם
7. Challengeרבא: מנשיא בן מנחם is not a תנא
8. ChallengeOne household is not the majority of the world
9. ResolutionProof from thorns kept in a vineyard
10. RejectionA whole country is different from one family
11. ResolutionA new reason: רב חסדא's ruling on beet juice
12. ProofTreating juice as important makes it a liquid
13. Rejectionרב פפא gives a different reason for the beet ruling
14. StatementA משנה about a מקוה: wine, vinegar, or olive discharge that changes its color
15. QuestionWho holds that olive discharge is a liquid?
16. Responseאביי: it is רבי יעקב, who holds olive discharge is a liquid
17. Statementרבי שמעון: olive discharge is not a liquid
18. QuestionWhat practical difference is there between them?
19. ResponseThe difference: discharge that comes out after heavy pressing
20. Responseרבא: olive discharge ruins a מקוה for a different reason
21. Statementשמואל: on שבת you may squeeze grapes into a pot, but not into a bowl
22. Statementרב חסדא: so you may also milk a goat into a pot
23. ConclusionThe principle: a liquid that goes into food counts as food
24. Challengeרמי בר חמא's challenge from a זב who milks a goat
25. ResolutionThe drop on the tip of the teat makes the milk susceptible
26. Challengeרבינא begins a challenge from a corpse-impure person squeezing olives and grapes