Gemara Clarity

Shabbos 148b

שבת קמ״ח ע״ב

Shabbat 148b

Learn Shabbos 148b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 148b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

הנח לישראל, loans on שבת and יום טוב (רבית, court claims, שמיטה, collateral), consecrating a פסח on שבת, and a new משנה on counting and drawing lots

Overview

This amud opens by finishing an explanation of why women may draw water on יום טוב in the normal way, since every change would lead to a worse problem. רבא בר רב חנן asks why nobody stops people from clapping and dancing on יום טוב. אביי answers with the principle הנח לישראל: it is better that people sin without knowing than on purpose. The גמרא proves from תוספת יום הכפורים that this applies even to Torah laws. Next, the גמרא settles our משנה about borrowing loaves with הלל's concern about רבית: it depends on whether bread has a fixed price. רב יוסף and רבה argue whether a loan made on יום טוב can be claimed in court, and the גמרא tests this against the cloak rule and a משנה about meat sold on ראש השנה after שמיטה. The גמרא then discusses רבי יוחנן's rule that one may consecrate a פסח on שבת and a חגיגה on יום טוב, and concludes that this applies only to offerings with a fixed time. The amud ends with a new משנה about counting guests from memory and drawing lots at the table and for קדשים.

Opening lines

נִיפְרוֹס סוּדָרָא —

Should we spread a cloth [over the vessel]?

אָתֵי לִידֵי סְחִיטָה.

She will come to squeezing [the wet cloth].

נְכַסְּיֵיהּ בְּנִכְתְּמָא —

Should we cover it with a lid?

זִימְנִין דְּמִיפְּסַק,

Sometimes it gets severed,

The steps (38)

  1. ResolutionNo practical way to change how water is drawn
  2. ChallengeWhy don't we stop people from clapping and dancing on יום טוב?
  3. Challengeאביי shows the same problem with sitting at the alley entrance
  4. ResolutionLeave the Jewish people alone: better unknowing than deliberate
  5. StatementSome thought the principle applies only to rabbinic laws
  6. RejectionThe limit is rejected: the principle covers Torah laws too
  7. ProofProof from adding time to יום הכפורים
  8. StatementQuoting the משנה about borrowing loaves
  9. QuestionDoes this imply that a loan of bread is fine on a weekday?
  10. ChallengeThe משנה seems to contradict הלל on lending bread
  11. ResolutionThe משנה Can Follow הלל: Fixed Price vs. Unfixed Price
  12. StatementQuoting the משנה on Distrust, and the Dispute About יום טוב Loans
  13. StatementThe Reasons Behind Each Side
  14. ProofAttempted Proof for רב יוסף from the Cloak Collateral
  15. RejectionThe Lender Just Wants to Avoid Court
  16. Challengeרב אידי בר אבין Begins an Objection: Meat Sold on ראש השנה
  17. ChallengeIf the loan could never be claimed, what does 'cancels' add?
  18. ResolutionIn that case the day turned out to be an ordinary weekday
  19. ChallengeA new challenge from the second half of the משנה
  20. ResolutionIf the borrower pays on his own, the lender may take it
  21. ChallengeDoes that mean that in the first case he may not take the payment?
  22. ResolutionThe real difference is whether he must say 'משמט אני'
  23. ProofSource: a lender must say 'משמט אני' but may then accept payment
  24. StatementHow two אמוראים handled collateral on a Festival
  25. Statementרבי יוחנן: one may consecrate a פסח on שבת
  26. ProofDoes the משנה support רבי יוחנן?
  27. RejectionThe משנה may be about joining an already-consecrated animal
  28. ChallengeBut registering on an animal on Yom Tov is forbidden
  29. ResolutionA regular partner counts as registered from the start
  30. Proofרבי הושעיא's teaching about the shepherd
  31. RejectionThe shepherd already made it holy beforehand
  32. ChallengeBut it says 'he consecrates it'
  33. ResolutionOnly an extra rabbinic holiness
  34. ChallengeDid רבי יוחנן really say this?
  35. ResolutionFixed-time obligations are different
  36. StatementCounting guests and dishes from memory
  37. StatementDrawing lots with family at the table
  38. StatementDrawing lots for holy food on יום טוב