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Shabbos 24b

שבת כ״ד ע״ב

Shabbat 24b

Learn Shabbos 24b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 24b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Mentioning שבת in נעילה; the new משנה on oils for lighting; why קדשים are not burned on יום טוב

Overview

The גמרא ends its discussion of which special days get mentioned in prayers. It rules like רבי יהושע בן לוי: when יום הכיפורים falls on שבת, you mention שבת even in נעילה, because the day itself requires four prayers. It then answers a seeming contradiction from רבא: the חזן's Friday-night repetition was added by the חכמים only for safety, so it is not a true prayer of the day. Next the גמרא explains that in the משנה about lighting with אליה, the חכמים and the תנא קמא argue over רב ברונא's ruling, though we cannot tell who holds which side. A new משנה follows. It forbids lighting with שמן שריפה on יום טוב, and it records a dispute about which oils may be used for שבת lights: רבי ישמעאל forbids tar, the חכמים permit all oils, and רבי טרפון allows only olive oil. The גמרא explains that the rule about שמן שריפה comes from a general principle that קדשים are not burned on יום טוב. It then brings sources for that principle from חזקיה, אביי and רבא. רב אשי begins a fourth source, from the word 'שבתון', which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

וְלֵית הִילְכְתָא כְּכׇל הָנֵי שְׁמַעְתָּתָא,

And the halacha is not like any of these teachings,

אֶלָּא כִּי הָא דְּאָמַר

rather, it is like that which was said by

רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי:

Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi:

יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת —

Yom Kippur that falls on Shabbat —

The steps (15)

  1. ConclusionThe final ruling: mention שבת in נעילה
  2. ChallengeContradiction from רבא's ruling on Friday-night repetition
  3. ResolutionThe cases are different: safety enactment vs. obligation of the day
  4. ChallengeHow do the חכמים differ from the תנא קמא on lighting with אליה?
  5. ResolutionThey differ over רב ברונא's ruling, but we don't know who holds which side
  6. StatementThe משנה: no lighting with burnable impure oil on a Festival
  7. Statementרבי ישמעאל forbids tar, while the חכמים permit all oils
  8. Statementרבי טרפון allows only olive oil
  9. QuestionWhy is burnable oil forbidden on a Festival?
  10. ResponseBecause consecrated items are not burned on a Festival
  11. QuestionWhat is the source for this rule?
  12. Responseחזקיה: the extra 'עד בקר' gives a second morning for burning
  13. Responseאביי: the שבת offering is brought only on שבת
  14. Responseרבא: 'that alone may be done for you' limits Festival work
  15. Responseרב אשי begins a new source from the word 'שבתון'