Shabbos 43b

שבת מ״ג ע״ב

Shabbat 43b

Learn Shabbos 43b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 43b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Covering a beehive on שבת, making shade for a מת, and whether טלטול מן הצד counts as moving

Overview

The amud first finishes the question of covering a beehive on שבת without breaking רבי יצחק's rule that a כלי may only be moved for something that may itself be moved. In summer the covering is for the honey. In the rainy season it is for the two honeycombs left for the bees, as long as the owner had them in mind before שבת so they are not מוקצה. The גמרא then shows that the ברייתא follows רבי יהודה, and that ״שלא יתכוין לצוד״ means leaving a gap so the mat does not trap the bees. רב אשי answers differently: the ברייתא means sunny and rainy days in ניסן and תשרי, when there is honey. Next, רב ששת says רב הונא already taught רבי יצחק's idea: a מחיצה may be made for a מת for the sake of the living, but not for the sake of the מת. A ברייתא shows how two people can leave a shade over a corpse in the sun indirectly. Then רב and שמואל argue about how to move such a corpse, which comes down to whether טלטול מן הצד counts as moving. The גמרא tries to link this to a dispute of תנאים about rescuing a corpse from a fire, but rejects the link. רבי יהודה בן לקיש's reason is a person's panic over his מת, and that explanation continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (19)

1. ResolutionThe summer case works because there is honey
2. ChallengeWhat about the rainy season, when there is no honey?
3. ResolutionThe two honeycombs left for winter
4. ChallengeBut those combs are מוקצה
5. ResolutionHe had the combs in mind before שבת
6. QuestionSo without that thought it would be forbidden?
7. ChallengeThen the ברייתא should have stated that distinction
8. ResolutionThe trapping clause adds something even when he had them in mind
9. ChallengeWhose view is this ברייתא? Neither רבי שמעון nor רבי יהודה seems to fit
10. ResolutionIt follows רבי יהודה: do not make the mat into a trap
11. Resolutionרב אשי: the ברייתא means ניסן and תשרי, when there is always honey
12. Proofרב ששת says רב הונא already taught רבי יצחק's rule
13. QuestionWhat case is רב הונא talking about?
14. ResponseTwo people shade a corpse indirectly
15. Statementרב and שמואל argue about moving a corpse out of the sun
16. StatementDefining the dispute: does indirect moving count as moving?
17. ProofA proposal that תנאים argued the same point about a fire
18. ProofProving the fire dispute must be about indirect moving
19. RejectionRejection: everyone agrees indirect moving counts as moving