Shabbos 44a

שבת מ״ד ע״א

Shabbat 44a

Learn Shabbos 44a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

מוקצה on שבת: rescuing a מת from a fire, moving lamps and using their oil, a metal candlestick, and a bed set aside for money

Overview

The amud opens by finishing the case of a מת in a burning house. חכמים let a grieving person move the body, because otherwise he might put out the fire, and רבי יוחנן rules like רבי יהודה בן לקיש. A ברייתא then shows that רבי שמעון permits leftover lamp oil, against the strict view in the משנה. A new משנה asks which lamps may be moved on שבת, and a ברייתא lays out the views of רבי יהודה, רבי מאיר, רבי שמעון, and רבי אליעזר ברבי שמעון. אביי explains where רבי אליעזר ברבי שמעון agrees with his father and where he differs. The גמרא then asks why a cup, bowl, or lantern may not be moved. מר זוטרא concludes that רבי שמעון permits only a small lamp the owner expects to go out, not a large vessel full of oil. רבי זירא's ruling about a metal candlestick is challenged and restated: one lit as שבת began is forbidden according to everyone, and one that was not lit is permitted according to everyone. Finally, רב rules that a bed set aside for money may not be moved, and רב נחמן בר יצחק challenges him from the משנה about a new lamp. The answer comes on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (20)

1. StatementThe reason for allowing a corpse to be moved: otherwise he will put out the fire
2. ConclusionThe הלכה follows רבי יהודה בן לקיש regarding a corpse
3. StatementQuoting the משנה: dripping oil may not be used because it is not prepared
4. StatementA ברייתא: leftover oil is forbidden, but רבי שמעון permits it
5. StatementNew משנה: moving a new lamp versus an old lamp
6. StatementThe ברייתא names the opinions: רבי יהודה and רבי מאיר
7. Statementרבי שמעון: a lamp that went out may be moved, but not a cup, bowl, or lantern
8. Statementרבי אליעזר ברבי שמעון: one may take oil even while the lamp is burning
9. StatementWhere the son agrees and disagrees with his father
10. QuestionWhy are a cup, bowl, and lantern different?
11. Responseעולא: The last line follows רבי יהודה
12. Challengeמר זוטרא: Then why the word 'but'?
13. Resolutionמר זוטרא: רבי שמעון permits only a small lamp
14. ChallengeChallenge: רבי שמעון permits oil in a bowl
15. ResolutionTwo kinds of bowls
16. Statementרבי זירא rules on a lit metal candlestick according to each opinion
17. ChallengeA ברייתא shows that רבי יהודה does forbid a lit metal lamp
18. Resolutionרבי זירא's statement is restated: everyone agrees
19. Statementרב: a bed designated for money may not be moved
20. ChallengeChallenge from the משנה: a new lamp may be moved