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Shabbos 51a

שבת נ״א ע״א

Shabbat 51a

Learn Shabbos 51a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 51a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Insulating food on שבת (הטמנה): keeping cold food cold, רב נחמן's conduct, and רבן שמעון בן גמליאל's leniencies

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a ברייתא that allows pulling buried turnips and radishes out on שבת, which refutes רב הונא and שמואל with a תיובתא. A new משנה then teaches three rules. You may not start covering a pot after dark. You may re-cover a pot that was covered before שבת and then got uncovered. You may put a jug of cold water under a pillow. שמואל rules that cold food may be insulated, and אביי explains that this holds even for food people normally insulate hot. A report that רבי forbade it is answered by a story: רבי changed his mind after hearing that רבי יוסי allowed it, and רב פפא praises the respect between them. רבי אמי was upset when רב נחמן insulated cold food and drank water heated by a non-Jewish cook, even though רב נחמן followed שמואל and רב, because an אדם חשוב should be stricter. Finally, a ברייתא gives leniencies of רבן שמעון בן גמליאל about טמינה: swapping insulation, insulating after pouring into a second urn, and taking out and returning a pot under coverings that may or may not be moved. The last case, a fully covered pot, continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

לֹא מִשּׁוּם כִּלְאַיִם,

Not because of diverse kinds (כלאים),

וְלֹא מִשּׁוּם שְׁבִיעִית,

and not because of the Sabbatical year,

וְלֹא מִשּׁוּם מַעֲשֵׂר,

and not because of tithes,

וְנִיטָּלִין בְּשַׁבָּת!

and they may be taken out on Shabbat!

The steps (21)

  1. ChallengeThe end of the ברייתא: buried vegetables may be pulled out on שבת
  2. ConclusionThe challenge stands: a full refutation
  3. Statementמשנה: covering a pot on שבת, and keeping cold water cold
  4. Statementשמואל: you may insulate cold food on שבת
  5. Challengeרב יוסף: the משנה already says this
  6. Resolutionאביי: שמואל includes food that is usually insulated hot
  7. StatementInsulating cold food on שבת is forbidden
  8. ChallengeA ברייתא says רבי permitted it
  9. Resolutionרבי changed his mind
  10. ProofThe story of how רבי changed his ruling
  11. Statementרב פפא praises their mutual respect
  12. Statementרב נחמן's instructions and רבי אמי's anger
  13. Challengeרב יוסף defends רב נחמן
  14. ProofThe sources: שמואל on insulating, רב on gentile cooking
  15. ResolutionAn important person is held to a higher standard
  16. StatementAdding to or swapping insulation on שבת
  17. StatementInsulating is permitted after pouring into a second urn
  18. StatementThe reason: pouring cools the water, so there is no fear of reheating
  19. StatementRemoving and returning a pot when the cover is movable
  20. StatementWhen the covering may not be moved but part of the pot is showing
  21. StatementOpening the case where the pot is fully covered