Shabbos 64b

שבת ס״ד ע״ב

Shabbat 64b

Learn Shabbos 64b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The soldiers' atonement for gazing; the משנה on hair and ornaments a woman may wear on שבת; רב on the courtyard and on מראית העין

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a lesson about the soldiers who fought מדין: they needed a כפרה because they gazed at forbidden sights. רב ששת adds that gazing at even a woman's little finger for pleasure is as serious as gazing at her private area. A new משנה then lists what a woman may wear outside on שבת: hair strands, sewn head ornaments, a מוך, and items in her mouth. A כבול and a פאה נכרית are allowed only in the חצר, and רבי and the חכמים disagree about a false tooth. The גמרא explains why all three sources of hair had to be listed, and a ברייתא forbids a mismatch between a young girl's hair and an old woman's hair. רב rules that whatever is forbidden in the street is also forbidden in the חצר, except the כבול and the פאה נכרית. עולא explains this exception: the חכמים did not want her to become unattractive to her husband, a concern רבי עקיבא also shows. Finally, רב rules that what is forbidden because of מראית העין is forbidden even in private. A plugged bell is used to challenge this, and the גמרא answers that it is a dispute between תנאים, with the proof coming on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (22)

1. ResponseWhy the soldiers needed atonement
2. Statementרב ששת: outer and inner ornaments are listed together
3. Statementמשנה: a woman may go out with hair strands
4. Statementמשנה: forehead band and hanging ornaments when sewn
5. StatementWoolen cap and wig only to the courtyard, and cotton pads are allowed
6. StatementPepper, salt, or anything in her mouth, if put in before שבת
7. StatementDispute over a false tooth or a gold tooth
8. StatementWhy the משנה needed to list both her own hair and another woman's hair
9. ConclusionWhy animal hair also had to be mentioned
10. StatementA girl and an old woman may not swap hair
11. ChallengeWhy would a girl ever wear an old woman's hair?
12. ResolutionThe second case was taught only to match the first
13. Statementרב: only the cap and the wig are allowed in the courtyard
14. Statementרבי ענני בר ששון says every ornament is like a woolen cap
15. ChallengeThe משנה lists only two items, which fits רב but not רבי ענני
16. Resolutionרבי ענני follows a תנא who may argue with the משנה
17. QuestionAccording to רב, why are these two items different?
18. Responseעולא: so she does not become unattractive to her husband
19. ProofSupport from רבי עקיבא's teaching about a menstruating woman
20. Statementרב: what is forbidden for appearances is forbidden even in private
21. ChallengeA plugged bell is forbidden outside but allowed in the courtyard
22. ResolutionThis is a dispute between תנאים