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Shabbos 68b

שבת ס״ח ע״ב

Shabbat 68b

Learn Shabbos 68b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 68b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Whether a תינוק שנשבה and a גר שנתגייר בין הגוים, who never knew about שבת, are considered שוגג and liable for a חטאת

Overview

The גמרא shows that the משנה's 'one who forgot the essence of שבת' must mean someone who once knew about שבת and later forgot. It then presents a מחלוקת. רב ושמואל say a תינוק שנשבה or a גר שנתגייר בין הגוים, who never knew about שבת, is treated like one who knew and forgot, so he brings a חטאת. רבי יוחנן וריש לקיש say such a person is exempt. A ברייתא seems to refute רבי יוחנן וריש לקיש, since it makes a תינוק שנשבה liable for one חטאת. That same ברייתא records מונבז, who exempts him. מונבז argues before רבי עקיבא that a שוגג, like a מזיד, must have had knowledge, and רבי עקיבא challenges him. The גמרא answers that רבי יוחנן וריש לקיש follow מונבז. It then gives מונבז's source: the verses place the שוגג next to the מזיד. Finally, the גמרא asks what the רבנן learn from 'תורה אחת', and the answer, a teaching of רבי יהושע בן לוי, continues on the next עמוד.

Opening lines

אֲבָל לֹא שְׁכֵחָהּ, מַאי —

But if he did not forget it, what?

חַיָּיב עַל כׇּל מְלָאכָה וּמְלָאכָה?

He is liable for each and every labor?

אַדְּתָנֵי הַיּוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא שַׁבָּת

Instead of teaching: one who knows that it is Shabbat

וְעָשָׂה מְלָאכוֹת הַרְבֵּה בְּשַׁבָּתוֹת הַרְבֵּה

and did many labors on many Shabbatot

The steps (16)

  1. ChallengeWhy would the משנה list the obvious case?
  2. ResolutionThe משנה means one who knew and then forgot
  3. Statementרב and שמואל: the captive child is liable
  4. Statementרבי יוחנן and ריש לקיש: the captive child is exempt
  5. ChallengeA ברייתא says the captive child brings one sin-offering
  6. StatementOne offering for each type of sin, and מונבז exempts
  7. Proofמונבז's reasoning: unintentional sin also needs prior knowledge
  8. Challengeרבי עקיבא pushes מונבז's comparison further
  9. Resolutionמונבז accepts the addition
  10. Challengeרבי עקיבא: then it is intentional, not unintentional
  11. ChallengeThe captive-child ברייתא challenges רבי יוחנן and ריש לקיש
  12. Resolutionרבי יוחנן and ריש לקיש side with מונבז
  13. QuestionWhat is the source for מונבז?
  14. ResponseThe verses place שוגג right next to מזיד
  15. QuestionWhat do the רבנן learn from 'one law'?
  16. ResponseThe רבנן use the verse for רבי יהושע בן לוי's teaching